FIG 3.

Long-term isotopic enrichment with [1,2-¹³C₂]glucose for carbon mapping of the metabolic network structure in P. protegens Pf-5. Carbon mapping is illustrated on the left and the metabolite labeling data are provided on the right for the following: (A) Initial glucose catabolism, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway, and the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway; (B) oxidative and non-oxidative routes of the pentose-phosphate (PP) pathway; (C) the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The dashed arrows describe minor formation routes of the metabolites. In the carbon mapping on the left, ¹³C carbons directly from glucose are in black, nonlabeled carbons from the ED pathway are in blue, singly ³C-labeled metabolites originated from the oxidative PP pathway are in orange, and the addition of labeled CO₂ is shown by purple circles. Metabolite labeling patterns in panels A to C: nonlabeled (light blue), singly labeled (orange), doubly labeled (cream), triply labeled (green), and quadruply labeled (red). Labeling data (average ± standard deviation) were from independent biological replicates (n = 3). G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; 6P-Glucn, 6-phosphogluconate; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; FBP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone-3-phosphate; GAP, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 3-PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; Xu5P, xylulose 5-phosphate; R5P, ribose 5-phosphate; S7P, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate; OAA, oxaloacetate; Asp, aspartate; α-KG, α-ketogluconate.