TABLE 3.
Comparison of genes involved in biosynthesis routes for key flavor compound production in S. cerevisiae and H. vineae
| Biosynthesis route | Enzymatic activity | Genes identified (% amino acid identity with S. cerevisiae homologous protein)a |
|---|---|---|
| Higher alcohols | Aromatic amino acid transferases | 3×ARO8 (45.51, 59.84, 56.06), 4×ARO9 (42.70, 35.27, 36.08, 36.91) |
| Branched-chain amino acid transferases | BAT1 (78.84), BAT2 | |
| Decarboxylase | 2×ARO10 (34.10, 30.99), 2×PDC1 (80.46, 50.66), PDC5, PDC6, THI3 | |
| Alcohol dehydrogenase | 2×ADH1 (77.71, 78.74), ADH2, 2×ADH3 (74.79, 74.80), ADH4, ADH5, 4×ADH6 (44.74, 44.47, 44.74, 44.06), ADH7, SFA1 (68.16), 4×GRE2 (44.74, 50.73, 47.51, 43.02), YPR1, PAD1, SPE1, 3×OYE2 (55.10, 58.06, 57.25), HOM2 (78.24) | |
| Aryl alcohol dehydrogenase | AAD3, AAD4, AAD6, AAD10, AAD14, AAD15, AAD16 | |
| Regulation | ARO80 (34.80), GAT2, GLN3, GZF3, DAL80 | |
| Acetate esters | Alcohol acetyl transferases | ATF1, ATF2 (26.58), 4×SLI1 (22–24), g4599.t1 |
| Ethyl esters | Ethanol O-acyltransferase and esterase | EEB1, EHT1 (51.35), MGL2 (30.06), AAD, IAH1 (54.67) |
| Volatile organic acids | Aldehyde dehydrogenase | 2×ALD2 (40.55, 44.01), ALD3, ALD4, ALD5 (53.45), ALD6 (55.07) |
| Aromatic amino acid synthesis | Synthesis of chorismate, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine | ARO1 (66.79), ARO2 (80.59), ARO3 (77.03), ARO4 (83.51), TRP2 (70.84), TRP3 (69.14), ARO7 (67.97), PHA2 (41.99), TYR1 (62.37) |
| Benzyl alcohol/benzaldehyde synthesis | Mandelate pathway | 2×ARO10 (34.10, 30.99), 2×PDC1 (80.46, 50.66), SCS7 (66.50), ALD6 (55.07), 2xALD2 (40.55, 44.01), DLD1 (53.00), DLD2 (70.00), DLD3 |
a
Homologous genes in H. vineae are not underlined, and the copy numbers (e.g., 2×) are indicated as prefixes for repeated genes. Predicted amino acid sequences from the genome of H. vineae were compared with protein homologs found in S. cerevisiae. Underlined genes represent absent homologous genes in H. vineae.