Fig. 6.

Chronic binge alcohol (CBA) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) effects on AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) expression in the liver. Representative Western blots for phosphorylated AMPKα (p-AMPKα), total AMPKα (t-AMPKα), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) in liver samples from [A: SUC/SIV/ART−; B: CBA/SIV/ART−; C: SUC/SIV/ART+; and D: CBA/SIV/ART+] macaques. There was a main effect of ART to increase hepatic expression of p-AMPKα [threonine 172 (Thr172)]/t-AMPK. SUC/SIV/ART− and SUC/SIV/ART+ (black closed circles) and CBA/SIV/ART− and CBA/SIV/ART+ (black closed squares). Data are expressed as means ± SE. $P < 0.05. n = 4–7/group. SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; SUC, sucrose.