Table 2.
MRS Metabolite Levels and Quality Measuresa,b
| Measure | Control (n = 21) | Schizophrenia (n = 21) | Statistic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glutamate | 6.93 (0.50) | 6.57 (0.50) | F(1,37) = 4.70 | .04 |
| CRLB | 2.0% | 2.1% | ||
| Glutamine | 1.91 (0.23) | 1.82 (0.32) | F(1,37) = 1.15 | .29 |
| CRLB | 5.8% | 6.7% | ||
| Glutamine/Glutamate | 0.28 (0.04) | 0.28 (0.04) | F(1,37) = 0.01 | .92 |
| GABA | 0.93 (0.18) | 0.91 (0.18) | F(1,37) = 0.03 | .87 |
| CRLB | 11.0% | 11.9% | ||
| Total NAA (NAA + NAAG) | 7.27 (0.60) | 6.84 (0.53) | F(1,37) = 5.06 | .03 |
| CRLB | 1.4% | 1.6% | ||
| NAA | 6.82 (0.53) | 6.46 (0.50) | F(1,37) = 3.56 | .07 |
| CRLB | 1.7% | 2.0% | ||
| NAAG | 0.46 (0.10) | 0.45 (0.08) | F(1,31) = 1.21 | .28 |
| CRLB | 16.4% | 17.0% | ||
| Total Creatine (Cr + PCr) | 5.74 (0.38) | 5.73 (0.42) | F(1,37) = 0.45 | .51 |
| CRLB | 1.7% | 1.9% | ||
| Creatine (Cr) | 2.39 (0.22) | 2.33 (0.34) | F(1,36) = 0.64 | .43 |
| CRLB | 8.6% | 9.3% | ||
| Phosphocreatine (PCr) | 3.36 (0.35) | 3.44 (0.43) | F(1,37) = 0.07 | .79 |
| CRLB | 6.9% | 7.2% | ||
| Total Choline (Cho + PCh) | 1.30 (0.17) | 1.34 (0.16) | F(1,37) = 0.07 | .79 |
| CRLB | 3.3% | 3.4% | ||
| Glutathione | 0.75 (0.10) | 0.70 (0.11) | F(1,37) = 1.48 | .23 |
| CRLB | 8.9% | 10.4% | ||
| myo-Inositol | 5.03 (0.50) | 4.88 (0.47) | F(1,37) = 1.92 | .17 |
| CRLB | 2.3% | 2.5% | ||
| Taurine | 1.48 (0.12) | 1.59 (0.27) | F(1,37) = 1.42 | .24 |
| CRLB | 7.4% | 7.4% | ||
| Aspartate | 1.49 (0.21) | 1.45 (0.23) | F(1,34) = 1.18 | .29 |
| CRLB | 13.6% | 14.7% | ||
| SNR | 35.0 (3.6) | 31.7 (7.0) | t(40) = 1.89 | .07 |
| FWHM, ppm | 0.03 (0.003) | 0.03 (0.005) | t(40) = 1.73 | .09 |
| GM, % | 71.4 (7.8) | 73.6 (8.6) | t(40) = 0.88 | .39 |
| WM, % | 25.4 (7.7) | 23.7 (8.7) | t(40) = 0.67 | .51 |
| CSF, % | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.1 (1.7) | t(40) = 0.69 | .49 |
| GM/(GM+WM), % | 73.7 (8.0) | 75.6 (9.0) | t(40) = 0.72 | .47 |
Note: Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; CRLB, Cramer-Rao lower bounds; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; FWHM, full-width at half maximum; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; GPC, glycerophosphocholine; GM, gray matter; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; NAAG, N-acetylaspartylglutamate; PCh, phosphocholine; PCr, phosphocreatine; ppm, parts-per-million; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio; WM, white matter.
aMean (SD).
bAll metabolite levels are in institutional units.