Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by site.
| Total noa | Vietnam (N = 304) | Total noa | South Africa (N = 182) | Total noa | Indonesia (N = 132) | Total noa | Total (N = 618) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (Median(IQR)) | 304 | 40 (30, 53) | 182 | 39 (31, 49) | 132 | 30 (22, 39) | 618 | 37 (28, 50) |
| Sex (male) (No (%)) | 304 | 184 (60.5%) | 182 | 91 (50.0%) | 132 | 79 (59.8%) | 618 | 354 (57.3%) |
| Final diagnosis (No (%)) | 303 | 182 | 131 | 616 | ||||
| Definite TBM | 93 (30.6%) | 22 (12.1%) | 59 (44.7%) | 174 (28.2%) | ||||
| Probable TBM | 11 (3.6%) | 8 (4.4%) | 31 (23.5%) | 50 (8.1%) | ||||
| Possible TBM | 83 (27.3%) | 44 (24.2%) | 30 (22.7%) | 157 (25.4%) | ||||
| Not TBM | 116 (38.2%) | 108 (59.3%) | 11 (8.3%) | 235 (38.0%) | ||||
| HIV status (No (%)) | 304 | 182 | 132 | 618 | ||||
| Positive | 23 (7.6%) | 151 (83.0%) | 20 (15.2%) | 194 (31.4%) | ||||
| Negative | 185 (60.9%) | 31 (17.0%) | 110 (83.3%) | 326 (52.8%) | ||||
| Unknown | 96 (31.6%) | 0 | 2 (1.5%) | 98 (15.9%) | ||||
| Duration of illness (days) (Median(IQR)) | 300 | 9 (4, 14) | 172 | 7 (3, 14) | 129 | 14 (7, 30) | 601 | 9 (5, 16) |
| Known history of TB (No (%)) | 265 | 17 (5.6%) | 173 | 86 (47.3%) | 132 | 41 (31.1%) | 570 | 144 (23.3%) |
| TBM MRC Gradeb (No (%)) | 187 | 74 | 119 | 380 | ||||
| 1 | 64 (34.2%) | 36 (48.6%) | 6 (5.0%) | 106 (27.9%) | ||||
| 2 | 90 (48.1%) | 37 (50.0%) | 93 (78.2%) | 220 (57.9%) | ||||
| 3 | 33 (17.6%) | 1 (1.4%) | 20 (16.8%) | 54 (14.2%) | ||||
| Cranial nerve palsy (No (%)) | 303 | 41 (13.5%) | 182 | 8 (4.4%) | 132 | 84 (63.6%) | 617 | 133 (21.5%) |
| Hemiplegia (No (%)) | 297 | 23 (7.6%) | 182 | 9 (4.9%) | 132 | 42 (31.8%) | 611 | 74 (11.9%) |
| Paraplegia (No (%)) | 298 | 8 (2.6%) | 182 | 1 (0.5%) | 132 | 19 (14.4%) | 612 | 28 (4.5%) |
| Tetraplegia (No (%)) | 294 | 1 (0.3%) | 182 | 0 (0.0%) | 132 | 5 (3.8%) | 608 | 6 (1.0%) |
| Seizures (No (%)) | 293 | 39 (12.8%) | 178 | 19 (10.4%) | 132 | 16 (12.1%) | 603 | 74 (12.0%) |
| GCS (Median(IQR)) | 303 | 13 (11, 15) | 182 | 15 (14, 15) | 131 | 13 (12, 15) | 616 | 14 (12, 15) |
| Chest X-ray (No (%)) | 293 | 153 | 129 | 575 | ||||
| Pulmonary TB | 45 (14.8%) | 57 (31.3%) | 70 (53.0%) | 172 (27.8%) | ||||
| Miliary TB | 19 (6.3%) | 5 (2.7%) | 12 (9.0%) | 36 (5.8%) | ||||
| Normal | 180 (59.2%) | 68 (37.4%) | 33 (25.0%) | 281 (45.5%) | ||||
| Otherc | 49 (16.1%) | 23 (12.6%) | 14 (10.6%) | 86 (13.9%) | ||||
| CSF WCC (per mm3) (Median(IQR)) | 300 | 164 (30, 439) | 180 | 1.5 (0, 61) | 132 | 117 (6, 321) | 612 | 80 (3, 311) |
| CSF Lymphocyte % (Median(IQR)) | 260 | 78 (46, 93) | 72 | 99 (79, 100) | 132 | 67 (37, 94) | 464 | 78 (47, 96) |
| CSF Protein (g/l) (Median(IQR)) | 303 | 0.98 (0.55, 1.85) | 180 | 0.38 (0.22, 1.42) | 132 | 1.38 (0.47, 2.83) | 615 | 0.87 (0.38, 1.93) |
| CSF:blood glucose ratio (Median(IQR)) | 303 | 0.48 (0.32, 0.62) | 86 | 0.64 (0.53, 0.70) | 132 | 0.30 (0.14, 0.50) | 521 | 0.48 (0.27, 0.63) |
| CSF volume for mycobacterial tests (mls) (Median(IQR)) | 302 | 4.5 (4.0, 5.0) | 180 | 12.5 (8.5, 12.5) | 131 | 7.5 (7.0, 8.5) | 613 | 6.0 (4.5, 8.5) |
Total no reflects the total number of observations available for the corresponding variable. The clinical diagnostic score for TBM (final diagnosis) could not be calculated in 2 individuals. GCS; Glasgow Coma Score, TBM; tuberculous meningitis, MRC Grade; denotes modified British Medical Research Council criteria. Grade 1 indicates a Glasgow coma score of 15 with no neurological signs, grade 2 a score of 11 to 14 (or 15 with focal neurological signs), and grade 3 a score of 10 or less, CSF; cerebrospinal fluid, WCC; white cell count, IQR; interquartile range.
TBM grade shown for 380/381 patients with definite probable or possible TBM. TBM grade data missing for one patient enrolled in Indonesia.
Chest X-ray recorded as ‘other’ if chest X-ray was performed and the appearances were not of pulmonary or miliary TB, nor were they normal.