FIGURE 2.

Objective response rates (using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria) using various forms of cancer immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma treated in the Surgery Branch at the National Cancer Institute. Only anecdotal responses have been seen utilizing cancer vaccine approaches. A response rate of 2.6% was seen using 541 different vaccines in 440 patients with metastatic cancer (84). Using an anti-CTLA Ab, a response rate of ~15% was seen but varied with the dose and schedule of administration (85). Utilizing IL-2 response rates of ~15% were seen that increased to 34% when IL-2 was given following ACT. The response rates increased to 49% when cell transfer was preceded by a nonmyeloablative chemotherapy (NMA) consisting of cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg 2×) and fludarabine (25 mg/kg 5×) and was increased to 72% when cells were transferred following NMA plus 12 Gy TBI. The years of these reports are shown on the bottom line of the figure.