Table 1.

Comparing patients under diagnostic-driven therapy with voriconazole and those under empiric antifungal therapy without voriconazole

Characteristics and outcomes	Diagnostic-driven therapy with voriconazole	Empiric antifungal therapy without voriconazole	p-value
	(n = 44)	(n = 221)
	N (%)	N (%)
Age (years), median (range)	63 (23–81)	51 (14–80)	< 0.001
Gender, male	26 (59)	131 (59)	0.98
Diagnosis of IA			< .001
Definite IA	4/43 (9)	83 (38)
Probable IA	39/43 (91)	138 (62)
Invasive pulmonary infectiona	40 (91)	178 (81)	0.10
Disseminated infectiona	2 (5)	18 (8)	0.41
Localized or sinus infectiona	4 (9)	28 (13)	0.51
Leukemia	19 (43)	181/220 (82)	< .0001
Lymphoma	16 (36)	34/220 (15)	0.001
Myeloma	8 (18)	5/220 (2)	< .001
Transplantation within 1 year prior to infection	16 (36)	82/220 (37)	0.91
Type of transplantation within prior year			0.010
Allogeneic transplant	10/16 (63)	74/82 (90)
Autologous transplant	6/16 (38)	8/82 (10)
Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)	8/10 (80)	52/74 (70)	0.72
Neutropenia (< 500 ANC) at onset of IA	8/42 (19)	120/216 (56)	< .0001
Persistent neutropenia	14/36 (39)	87/210 (41)	0.77
Received immunotherapy	10/43 (23)	154/220 (70)	< .0001
Received WBC transfusion	2/42 (5)	45 (20)	0.016
Year of IA diagnosis/treatment			< .0001
1993–2004	8 (18)	162 (73)
2005–2016	36 (82)	59 (27)
Prophylactic antifungal treatment prior to	7 (16)	78 (35)	0.012
infection
Breakthrough	6/7 (86)	67/78 (86)	> .99
Response to therapy	32 (73)	30 (14)	< .0001
Death within 42 days of starting therapy	2 (5)	123/220 (56)	< .0001
Aspergillosis-attributable death within 42 days of starting therapy	2 (5)	107/218 (49)	< .0001

^aOne patient had all 3 types of IA infections and 3 patients had both invasive pulmonary and localized or sinus infections