Table 4.
Reported indications of herbal medicine according to each modality (multiple choice)
| Herbal modality | Reported indication | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Ginger - Zingiber officinale (N = 102) | Nausea/vomiting | 78 (76.5) |
| Cold/flu | 31 (30.4) | |
| Cough | 3 (2.9) | |
| Black seed - Nigella sativa (N = 63) | Nausea/vomiting | 38 (60.3) |
| Galactagogue | 25 (39.7) | |
| Allergies | 2 (3.2) | |
| Lemon tea (N = 49) | Cough | 29 (59.2) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 23 (46.9) | |
| Prune - Prunus domestica (N = 29) | Nausea/vomiting | 23 (79.3) |
| Hypertension | 4 (13.8) | |
| Constipation | 2 (6.9) | |
| Mustard oil - Brassica nigra L. (N = 29) | Cold/flu | 18 (62.1) |
| Improve immunity | 7 (24.1) | |
| Constipation | 4 (13.8) | |
| Garlic - Allium sativum (N = 26) | Hypertension | 12 (46.2) |
| Cold/flu | 12 (46.2) | |
| Abdominal pain | 3 (13) | |
| Betel nuts - Areca catechu (N = 23) | As relaxant | 20 (87) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 3 (13) | |
| Heartburn | 1 (4.3) | |
| Peppermint - Mentha piperita (N = 15) | Abdominal pain | 8 (53.3) |
| Heartburn | 4 (26.7) | |
| Headache | 2 (13.3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (6.7) | |
| Myrobalan - Terminalia chebula (N = 11) | Heartburn | 5 (45.4) |
| Constipation | 5 (45.4) | |
| Nausea | 2 (18.2) | |
| Turmeric - Curcuma longa (N = 11) | Skin condition | 8 (72.7) |
| Anti-inflammatory | 3 (27.3) | |
| Aloe vera (N = 4) | Stomach upset | 3 (75) |
| Constipation | 1 (25) | |
| Olive oil (N = 3) | Massage | 3 (100) |
| Neem - Azadirachta indica (N = 3) | Skin disease | 3 (100) |
| Bitter gourd - Momordica charantia (N = 2) | Diabetes mellitus | 2 (100) |
| Syrup Alkuli [Cichorium endivia, Tribulus terrestris, Foeniculum vulgare, Cucumis melo] (N = 2) | Urinary tract infection | 2 (100) |