Table 1.
Demographic and perioperative characteristics of albumin-exposed and non-exposed patients before and after matching with respect to absolute standardized difference
| Variable | All patients | Matched patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin (N = 4669) | Control (N = 6843) | ASD* | Albumin (N = 3600) | Control (N = 3600) | ASD* | |
| Age, years | 67 ± 13 | 63 ± 15 | 0.238 | 66 ± 13 | 66 ± 13 | 0.015 |
| Gender (male), no. (%) | 2882 (62) | 4203 (61) | 0.006 | 2239 (62) | 2269 (63) | 0.017 |
| Race | 0.087 | 0.018 | ||||
| Caucasian | 4197 (90) | 6000 (88) | 3220 (89) | 3239 (90) | ||
| African American | 256 (5) | 522 (8) | 198 (6) | 185 (5) | ||
| Others | 216 (5) | 321 (5) | 182 (5) | 176 (5) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 6.5 | 29.1 ± 7.0 | 0.108 | 28.6 ± 6.3 | 28.6 ± 6.3 | 0.014 |
| ASA physical status, no. (%) | 0.274 | 0.067 | ||||
| I | 18 (0) | 46 (1) | 11 (0) | 5 (0) | ||
| II | 79 (2) | 271 (4) | 51 (1) | 45 (1) | ||
| III | 985 (21) | 2083 (30) | 755 (21) | 672 (19) | ||
| IV | 3587 (77) | 4443 (65) | 2783 (77) | 2878 (80) | ||
| Emergent surgery, no. (%) | 198 (4) | 433 (6) | 0.094 | 151 (4) | 139 (4) | 0.017 |
| Type of surgery †, no. (%) | – | 0.000 | ||||
| Replacement of aortic valve | 1318 (37.5) | 1495 (37.3) | 1120 (37.3) | 1120 (37.3) | ||
| CABG artery-vein single | 750 (21.4) | 714 (17.8) | 621 (20.7) | 621 (20.7) | ||
| Replacement of mitral valve | 420 (12.0) | 448 (11.2) | 391 (13.0) | 391 (13.0) | ||
| Repair of mitral valve | 343 (9.8) | 411 (10.3) | 283 (9.4) | 283 (9.4) | ||
| Ascending aortic graft | 287 (8.2) | 234 (5.8) | 225 (7.5) | 225 (7.5) | ||
| Revise ventricular muscle | 108 (3.1) | 201 (5.0) | 96 (3.2) | 96 (3.2) | ||
| Transplantation of liver | 75 (2.1) | 192 (4.8) | 73 (2.4) | 73 (2.4) | ||
| Exploration of abdomen | 100 (2.9) | 133 (3.3) | 108 (3.6) | 108 (3.6) | ||
| Repair of mitral valve | 84 (2.4) | 74 (1.9) | 61 (2.0) | 61 (2.0) | ||
| CABG arterial single | 27 (0.8) | 106 (2.6) | 25 (0.8) | 25 (0.8) | ||
| Duration of surgery, (h) | 7.0 ± 2.4 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 0.198 | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 0.042 |
| Intraoperative time-weighted average of MAP, mmHg | 75.4 ± 6.6 | 77.4 ± 8.3 | 0.269 | 75.3 ± 6.1 | 75.1 ± 6.3 | 0.006 |
| Use of hydroxyethyl starch, no. (%) | 2326 (50) | 3524 (52) | 0.034 | 1854 (52) | 2088 (58) | 0.131 |
| Use of furosemide, no. (%) | 224 (5) | 179 (3) | 0.116 | 112 (3) | 87 (2) | 0.042 |
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologist, ASD absolute standardized difference, MAP mean arterial blood pressure, TWA time-weighted average
*ASD absolute difference in means or proportions divided by the pooled standard deviation; imbalance was defined as an ASD greater than 0.046 (i.e., )
†Ten most frequent procedures are listed