Table.
Median yearly global and regional estimated incremental outcomes of PCV13 vaccination compared with no vaccination
| Global* | Africa | Asia | Oceania | Europe | Latin America and the Caribbean | North America | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of children fully vaccinated with at least three doses (millions) | 114 | 34·6 | 58·1 | 0·559 | 6·73 | 8·77 | 4·42 |
| Vaccination programme costs (undiscounted; I$, billions) | 15·5 | 1·80 | 6·06 | 0·144 | 4·03 | 1·11 | 2·39 |
| Health-care costs (undiscounted; I$, billions) | −3·19 (−3·92 to −2·62) | −0·364 (−0·507 to −0·239) | −1·35 (−1·91 to −0·857) | −0·0637 (−0·101 to −0·0235) | −0·380 (−0·441 to −0·329) | −0·222 (−0·266 to −0·188) | −0·810 (−0·960 to −0·681) |
| Societal costs (undiscounted; I$, billions) | −2·64 (−3·28 to −2·13) | −0·463 (−0·619 to −0·325) | −1·46 (−2·02 to −0·975) | −0·0297 (−0·0419 to −0·0168) | −0·237 (−0·261 to −0·217) | −0·182 (−0·215 to −0·158) | −0·262 (−0·296 to −0·233) |
| Invasive pneumococcal disease cases (millions) | −1·65 (−2·48 to −0·986) | −0·757 (−1·31 to −0·303) | −0·725 (−1·26 to −0·270) | −0·00781 (−0·0134 to −0·00234) | −0·0280 (−0·0371 to −0·0203) | −0·0696 (−0·0923 to −0·0518) | −0·0487 (−0·0624 to −0·0365) |
| Non-invasive pneumococcal disease cases (millions) | −4·14 (−6·24 to −2·48) | −1·82 (−3·10 to −0·740) | −1·94 (−3·39 to −0·721) | −0·0206 (−0·0343 to −0·00629) | −0·0622 (−0·0816 to −0·0458) | −0·151 (−0·196 to −0·116) | −0·105 (−0·133 to −0·0813) |
| Acute otitis media cases (millions) | −48·8 (−49·4 to −48·3) | −24·5 (−24·7 to −24·3) | −19·2 (−19·5 to −18·9) | −0·266 (−0·269 to −0·263) | −1·85 (−1·88 to −1·83) | −1·92 (−1·96 to −1·88) | −1·12 (−1·13 to −1·11) |
| Deaths (millions) | −0·399 (−0·711 to −0·208) | −0·275 (−0·567 to −0·114) | −0·0923 (−0·176 to −0·0340) | −0·000611 (−0·00123 to −0·000175) | −0·00486 (−0·00809 to −0·00276) | −0·0108 (−0·0157 to −0·00713) | −0·00754 (−0·0108 to −0·00510) |
| DALYs averted by PCV13 (undiscounted; millions) | 13·8 (8·08–23·0) | 8·68 (3·99–16·8) | 3·88 (1·75–6·78) | 0·0328 (0·0141–0·0556) | 0·216 (0·149–0·320) | 0·429 (0·313–0·588) | 0·301 (0·222–0·415) |
| DALYs averted by PCV13 (discounted; millions) | 9·13 (5·33–15·0) | 5·65 (2·59–10·9) | 2·62 (1·18–4·58) | 0·0217 (0·00929–0·0369) | 0·146 (0·100–0·216) | 0·291 (0·212–0·399) | 0·200 (0·148–0·276) |
| Total incremental costs from PCV13 (undiscounted; I$, billions) | 9·71 (8·33–10·8) | 0·977 (0·677–1·24) | 3·25 (2·15–4·23) | 0·0503 (0·000356–0·103) | 3·41 (3·32–3·48) | 0·707 (0·632–0·767) | 1·32 (1·13–1·48) |
| Total incremental costs from PCV13 (discounted; I$, billions) | 6·67 (5·74–7·40) | 0·663 (0·466–0·836) | 2·26 (1·51–2·92) | 0·0345 (0·00121–0·0698) | 2·34 (2·29–2·39) | 0·488 (0·437–0·529) | 0·886 (0·763–0·992) |
| Total health-system costs† (undiscounted; I$, billions) | 12·3 (11·6–12·9) | 1·44 (1·30–1·56) | 4·71 (4·15–5·20) | 0·0800 (0·0423–0·120) | 3·65 (3·59–3·70) | 0·890 (0·846–0·925) | 1·58 (1·43–1·71) |
| Total health-system costs† (discounted; I$, billions) | 8·42 (7·93–8·81) | 0·962 (0·868–1·04) | 3·24 (2·86–3·57) | 0·0541 (0·0289–0·0809) | 2·50 (2·46–2·54) | 0·611 (0·581–0·635) | 1·06 (0·959–1·14) |
| Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio over 30 years‡ (I$ per DALYs averted) | 724 (400–1360) | 118 (45·7–320) | 853 (340–2450) | 1590 (36·7–7560) | 16 000 (10800–23700) | 1680 (1120–2420) | 4420 (2880–6440) |
Values are point estimate (95% credible interval) and are shown to 3 significant figures. Negative values indicate costs saved, or cases or deaths averted. PCV13=13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. I$=international dollars. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years.
Because of rounding differences, global values are only approximately equal to the sum of values for individual regions.
Health-system costs include vaccination programme costs and health-care costs; societal costs (out-of-pocket expenses and productivity costs) are excluded.
Because of rounding differences, values are only approximately equal to total incremental costs from PCV13 (discounted) divided by DALYs averted by PCV13 (discounted).