Fig. 3.

A diagram illustrating computational approaches for development of personalized immunotherapies. (A) Collection of patient samples (both tumor samples and matched samples). (B) An integrated approach for identification of actionable biomarkers using innovative genomics approaches, proteomics, and computational biophysics. (C and D) Guiding the application of personalized immunotherapies or combination immunotherapies that highly specifically target neoantigens derived from tumor somatic mutations. CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; TCR, T-cell receptor.