Fig. 3.

Hypothesized generalization of coexistence of two competitors (the two predators) in a spatially extended system, where one of the predators has a trait-mediated effect in inducing the prey to disperse faster and the other has a trait-mediated effect in inducing the prey to form spatial clusters. In the absence of predator II, the prey will tend to occur as isolates, inducing extinction of predator I. In the absence of predator I, the prey will tend to occur in the clusters, inducing extinction of predator II. Arrowheads indicate positive effect, balls represent negative effect.