The corresponding residues of Gal-13 Arg53, Arg55, and His57 in Gal-3 CRD and Gal-8 N CRD are histidine, asparagine, and arginine, respectively. The three residues in the sugar binding sites of Gal-3 CRD and Gal-8 N CRD are important for binding lactose. In the present study, Gal-13 Arg53, Arg55, and His57 were mutated to the corresponding residues in Gal-3 CRD and Gal-8 N CRD (Table 1). Asp33 could insert into the sugar binding site of another Gal-13 monomer in another asymmetric unit. This aspartate residue was also mutated to glycine.