Table 1.

Nasopharyngeal microbiota of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D status

	Serum total 25OHD levels
Characteristic	Lower (<26.5 ng/ml), n=498	Higher (≥26.5 ng/ml), n=507	P-value
Richness
Number of genera, median (IQR)	15 (8–24)	17 (10–24)	0.04
Alpha-diversity
Shannon index, median (IQR)	0.88 (0.50–1.37)	0.99 (0.62–1.45)	0.02
Relative abundance of 10 most abundant genera, mean (SD)
Streptococcus	0.33 (0.31)	0.29 (0.28)	0.15†
Moraxella	0.28 (0.34)	0.32 (0.34)	0.15†
Haemophilus	0.20 (0.32)	0.20 (0.30)	0.98†
Prevotella	0.02 (0.06)	0.03 (0.07)	0.15†
Neisseria	0.02 (0.06)	0.03 (0.08)	0.07†
Staphylococcus	0.03 (0.11)	0.01 (0.06)	0.009†
Corynebacterium	0.02 (0.07)	0.01 (0.07)	0.43†
Alloprevotella	0.01 (0.06)	0.01 (0.04)	0.98†
Veillonella	0.01 (0.03)	0.01 (0.03)	0.20†
Gemella	0.01 (0.04)	0.01 (0.02)	0.98†
Microbiota profiles			0.04
Haemophilus-dominant profile	94 (18.9)	99 (19.5)
Moraxella-dominant profile	96 (19.3)	124 (24.5)
Streptococcus-dominant profile	159 (31.9)	124 (24.5)
Mixed profile	149 (29.9)	160 (31.6)

Abbreviations: 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation

^†Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery rate adjusted P-value accounting for multiple comparisons