Table 5.
Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Adenoma Outcomes: Unstandardized Analyses and Analyses Standardized to BMI
| Placebo | Calcium | Unstandardized2 |
Standardized3 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/Total (%)1 | N/Total (%)1 | RR (95% CI) | P | RR (95% CI) | P | |
| CPPS Study Findings: Unstandardized and Standardized to the BMI Distribution in the VCPPS | ||||||
| Adenoma Recurrence4 | 228/448 (50.9) | 193/434 (44.5) | 0.87 (0.76-1.00) | 0.05 | 0.89 (0.77-1.03) | 0.11 |
| High Risk Findings5 | 93/437 (21.3) | 65/419 (15.5) | 0.73 (0.54-0.97) | 0.03 | 0.82 (0.61-1.09) | 0.17 |
| VCPPS Study Findings: Unstandardized and Standardized to the BMI Distribution in the CPPS | ||||||
| Adenoma Recurrence4 | 183/380 (48.2) | 173/381 (45.4) | 0.95 (0.81-1.10) | 0.49 | 0.86 (0.73-1.00) | 0.05 |
| High Risk Findings5 | 57/374 (15.2) | 64/377 (17.0) | 1.12 (0.81-1.56) | 0.49 | 0.97 (0.70-1.35) | 0.87 |
Abbreviations: CCPS, Calcium Polyp Prevention Study; VCPPS, Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study; BMI, body mass index in kg/m2; RR, relative risk; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; P, Wald test p-value.
All models are adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male/female), and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white/other).
Number of participants with outcome/total number of participants (% of participants with outcome).
Unstandardized RRs for calcium supplementation compared to placebo.
For the CPPS, the RRs for calcium supplementation compared to placebo were standardized to the BMI distribution of the VCPPS using inverse odds of sampling weights. For VCPPS, the RRs for calcium supplementation compared to placebo were standardized to the BMI distribution in the CPPS using inverse probability of treatment weights.
Adenoma recurrence refers to the development of ≥1 adenomas of any type.
High-risk findings refers to the development of ≥1 advanced adenoma or ≥3 adenomas of any type. Advanced adenomas are defined as those with cancer, high-grade dysplasia, >25% villous features, or a diameter ≥1 cm.