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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Genesis. 2018 Oct;56(10):e23253. doi: 10.1002/dvg.23253

Fig. 7-. Echinoderm phylogeny.

Fig. 7-

Asterozoan topology, the consensus view of relationships within echinoderms, is shown. Hemichordata is included as the nearest outgroup. Branch lengths are not drawn to scale. Images of representative adult and larval morphologies are shown (not all images correspond to the species listed as examples). Reprinted from Cary, G. A. and Hinman, V. F. (2017) Echinoderm development and evolution in the post-genomic era. Dev Biol 427:203–211, with permission from Elsevier. Photo credits: Adult Euechinoidea and Cidaroid are © Ann Cutting, Caltech; Holothuroidea is © Richard Ling/www.rling.com; Asteroidea is © Jerry Kirkhart, Los Osos, CA; Ophiuroidea is © Hans Hillewaert; Crinoidea is © NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010; and Hemichordata is © Moorea Biocode / calphotos.berkeley.edu 4444 4444 0513 0997. Cidaroidea larval image is adapted from Bennett et al. (2012), all other whole (SEM) images of echinoderm and tornaria larvae are © T.C. Lacalli and T.H.J. Gilmour (University of Saskatchewan n.d.).