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. 2018 Dec 14;8:17860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36215-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Suppression of oxidative stress in Cygb-TG mice challenged with a single dose of TAA. (a) Macroscopic and microscopic view of liver injuries in wild- type (WT) and Cygb-TG mice (TG) after 24 hours (24 h) or 48 hours (48 h) of exposure to a single dose of TAA. Representative images of gross appearance, H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry staining for erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF-2), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). P, portal vein; C, central vein. Dashed line shows the haemorrhagic area. (b) Plasma levels of AST and ALT were measured. (c) Percentages of NRF-2-positive areas of liver sections were quantified. (d) Transcription of Nrf-2 - the antioxidative signalling pathway and its downstream component - glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx-2). (e) Percentages of 4-HNE-positive areas per 20 random micro fields in liver sections at 400x magnification were quantified. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 5), *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01.