Table 3.
Prevalence of CKD according to work schedules and associated variables in subjects
| Variable | Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non CKD | CKD a | p-valueb | Non CKD | CKD a | p-valueb | |
| Total | 2023 (93.2) | 187 (6.8) | 1158 (90.5) | 136 (9.5) | ||
| Age (years) a,b | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 20–29 | 131 (98.3) | 2 (1.7) | 37 (91.6) | 4 (8.4) | ||
| 30–39 | 380 (95.9) | 17 (4.1) | 101 (96.6) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| 40–49 | 441 (95.1) | 25 (4.9) | 252 (95.6) | 13 (4.4) | ||
| 50–59 | 557 (91.8) | 51 (8.2) | 370 (90.9) | 36 (9.1) | ||
| ≥60 | 494 (84.1) | 92 (15.9) | 398 (82.6) | 81 (17.4) | ||
| Educationa | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≤ Elementary school | 357 (87.1) | 60 (12.9) | 492 (85.4) | 85 (14.6) | ||
| Middle school | 362 (93.7) | 31 (6.3) | 194 (91.6) | 21 (8.4) | ||
| High school | 928 (93.5) | 78 (6.5) | 402 (94.1) | 26 (5.9) | ||
| ≥ College or graduate school | 376 (96.4) | 18 (3.6) | 70 (95.3) | 4 (4.7) | ||
| Household income | 0.022 | 0.006 | ||||
| Low | 193 (87.1) | 41 (12.9) | 281 (84.3) | 55 (15.7) | ||
| Low-middle | 670 (93.8) | 61 (6.2) | 371 (91.4) | 40 (8.6) | ||
| Middle-high | 686 (93.3) | 55 (6.7) | 310 (93.5) | 23 (6.5) | ||
| High | 474 (94.0) | 30 (6.0) | 196 (91.6) | 18 (8.4) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.931 | 0.902 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 335 (93.1) | 34 (6.9) | 1040 (90.4) | 123 (9.6) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 744 (92.9) | 78 (7.1) | 46 (92.5) | 4 (7.5) | ||
| Current smoker | 944 (93.4) | 75 (6.6) | 72 (90.1) | 9 (9.9) | ||
| Alcohol intake (per month)a | 0.453 | 0.093 | ||||
| Never | 262 (92.5) | 35 (7.5) | 440 (87.8) | 67 (12.2) | ||
| ≤ 1 | 392 (94.7) | 28 (5.3) | 432 (92.2) | 44 (7.8) | ||
| 2–3 | 528 (93.7) | 36 (6.3) | 196 (93.6) | 14 (6.4) | ||
| ≥4 | 841 (92.3) | 88 (7.7) | 90 (87.5) | 11 (12.5) | ||
| Work hours per week | ||||||
| ≤ 48 | 1067 (91.6) | 124 (8.4) | 0.004 | 911 (90.7) | 108 (9.3) | 0.680 |
| > 48 | 956 (94.9) | 63 (5.1) | 247 (89.7) | 28 (10.3) | ||
| Work schedule | 0.926 | 0.006 | ||||
| Day work | 1565 (93.2) | 142 (6.8) | 1024 (91.5) | 109 (8.5) | ||
| Shift work | 458 (93.1) | 45 (6.9) | 134 (84.0) | 27 (16.0) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.035 | 0.083 | ||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 45 (95.6) | 3 (4.4) | 32 (86.0) | 5 (14.0) | ||
| Normal (18.5–25) | 1260 (94.4) | 95 (5.6) | 738 (92.3) | 70 (7.7) | ||
| Overweight (25–30) | 651 (91.2) | 79 (8.8) | 330 (88.2) | 48 (11.8) | ||
| Obese (≥30) | 67 (88.4) | 10 (11.6) | 58 (84.3) | 13 (15.7) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 1818 (95.0) | 117 (5.0) | 1065 (92.2) | 100 (7.8) | ||
| Yes | 205 (77.1) | 70 (22.9) | 93 (71.7) | 36 (28.3) | ||
| Hypertension | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 1401 (96.4) | 60 (3.6) | 812 (94.7) | 46 (5.3) | ||
| Yes | 622 (85.3) | 127 (14.7) | 346 (80.2) | 90 (19.8) | ||
Values are expressed as unweighted counts and estimated percentages N (%)
adefined as UACR> 30 mg/g and/or eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 estimated by the CKD-EPI equation
bcalculated by complex samples and the chi-squared test