Table 4.
Household and livelihood characteristics and their association with the presence or absence of intestinal parasites
| Characteristics (risk factor = 1) | Presence of IP (n = 106) | Absence of IP (n = 364) | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal farming | ||||
| Yes (1) | 65 (61.7) | 250 (68.6) | 0.723 (0.461–1.133) | 0.157 |
| No | 41 (38.3) | 114 (31.4) | ||
| Informal slaughter | ||||
| Yes (1) | 48 (45.8) | 226 (62.0) | 0.505 (0.326–0.782) | 0.002 |
| No | 58 (54.2) | 138 (38.0) | ||
| Kitchen garden | ||||
| Yes (1) | 11 (10.3) | 38 (10.5) | 0.993 (0.489–2.018) | 0.985 |
| No | 95 (89.7) | 326 (89.5) | ||
| Unimproved roof (1) | 83 (78.5) | 298 (81.8) | 0.799 (0.469–1.362) | 0.410 |
| Improved roof | 23 (21.5) | 66 (18.2) | ||
| Unimproved walls (1) | 63 (59.8) | 254 (69.7) | 0.635 (0.406–0.993) | 0.046 |
| Improved walls | 43 (40.2) | 110 (30.3) | ||
| Unimproved floor (1) | 40 (38.3) | 184 (50.4) | 0.593 (0.381–0.924) | 0.021 |
| Improved floor | 66 (61.7) | 180 (49.6) | ||
| Unimproved water source (1) | 60 (56.1) | 217 (59.8) | 0.884 (0.571–1.369) | 0.579 |
| Improved water source | 46 (43.9) | 147 (40.2) | ||
| Unimproved latrine (1) | 85 (80.4) | 287 (78.8) | 1.086 (0.633–1.863) | 0.765 |
| Improved latrine | 21 (19.6) | 77 (21.2) | ||
| Electricity network as main energy source | ||||
| No (1) | 66 (62.3) | 262 (72.0) | 0.642 (0.408–1.012) | 0.056 |
| yes | 40 (37.7) | 102 (28.0) | ||
| Overcrowdinga | ||||
| Yes (1) | 83 (78.3) | 264 (72.5) | 1.367 (0.816–2.290) | 0.235 |
| No | 23 (21.7) | 100 (27.5) |
aOvercrowding, households with 5 or more inhabitants per house
Significant P-values set at < 0.05
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, IP intestinal parasites, OR odds ratio
All values are n (%). Reference group marked as OR = 1