Table 1:
Characteristics of the study population across tertiles of TAT and PVAT radiodensity
| TAT radiodensity tertiles (N=488) |
PVAT radiodensity tertiles (N=528) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low radiodensity → High radiodensity | Low radiodensity → High radiodensity | |||||||
| Characteristics | -91 to −81a
(−83.1 ± 2.2)b Low (n=152) |
-80 to −78a
(−79.0 ± 0.8)b Middle (n=162) |
-77 to −67a
(−75.3 ± 1.8)b High (n=174) |
p | -95.2 to −84.7a
(−86.8 ± 1.8)b Low (n=179) |
-84.7 to −82.0a
(−83.4 ± 0.8)b Middle (n=172) |
-82.0 to −68.3a
(−79.4 ± 2.2)b High (n=177) |
p |
| Age (years) | 51.4 ± 3.0 | 50.7 ± 3.0 | 50.9 ± 2.7 | 0.13c | 51.1 ± 3.1 | 50.8 ± 2.8 | 50.9 ± 2.8 | 0.59c |
| Whites, n (%) | 126 (83) | 110 (68) | 70 (40) | <0.001 | 129 (72) | 103 (60) | 99 (56) | 0.01 |
| Menopausal status, n (%) | 0.06 | 0.82 | ||||||
| Pre-/early peri- | 71 (47) | 91 (56) | 107 (61) |
100 (56) |
100 (58) | 95 (54) | ||
| Late peri-/post | 66 (43) | 57 (35) | 49 (28) | 63 (35) | 57 (33) | 61 (34) | ||
| Hormone users | 17 (10) | 14 (9) | 18 (10) | 16 (11) | 15 (9) | 21 (12) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 31 (20) | 33 (20) | 24 (14) | 0.19 | 33 (18) | 36 (21) | 23 (13) | 0.14 |
| Financial strain, n (%) | 44 (31) | 43 (28) | 60 (36) | 0.32 | 53 (31) | 51 (31) | 58 (34) | 0.85 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.0 ± 15.7 | 118.5 ± 14.9 | 121.6 ± 17.7 | 0.14c | 119.4 ± 14.8 | 118.5 ± 17.5 | 121.1 ± 17.5 | 0.36c |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.6 ± 9.5 | 75.8 ± 9.9 | 76.8 ± 10.4 | 0.28c | 75.8 ± 9.5 | 75.6 ± 9.8 | 76.8 ± 10.7 | 0.37c |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 120.0 | 117.0 | 110.0 | 0.02c | 113.0 | 114.0 | 117.0 | 0.47c |
| (100.0, 148.0) | (97.0, 141.0) | (95.0, 131.5) | (95.0, 140.0) | (98.0, 133.5) | (97.0, 141.0) | |||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.2 ± 13.4 | 59.3 ± 14.6 | 58.2 ± 15.0 | 0.02c | 54.2 ± 13.6 | 57.7 ± 15.0 | 59.7 ± 14.2 | 0.004c |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 120.0 (87.0, 174.0) |
98.5 (76.0, 136.8) |
85.0 (68.0, 110.0) |
<0.001 c |
109.0 (79.0, 156.0) |
95.0 (73.0, 128.0) |
92.0 (71.0, 125.0) |
<0.001 c |
| BP/lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 26 (17) | 33 (20) | 38 (22) | 0.555 | 44 (25) | 28 (16) | 32 (18) | 0.119 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (7) | 5 (3) | 9 (5) | 0.353 | 9 (5) | 8 (5) | 10 (6) | 0.912 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.3 (1.7, 3.9) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.8) | 1.9 (1.4, 3.1) | 0.04c | 2.1 (1.6, 3.9) | 1.9 (1.3, 3.2) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.8) | 0.16c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 ± 6.3 | 28.0 ± 5.4 | 29.0 ± 6.7 | 0.02c | 30.1 ± 6.5 | 28.4 ± 6.4 | 29.1 ± 5.7 | 0.13c |
| TAT, cm3 | 66.3 (51.5, 93.5) | 44.3 (33.5, 59.7) | 36.7 (29.6, 47.8) |
<0.001 c |
51.7 (35.3, 71.5) | 45.3 (33.9, 59.8) | 46.5 (35.0, 65.9) | 0.06c |
| PVAT, cm3 | 37.3 (29.6, 45.1) | 29.1 (23.9, 36.5) | 26.9 (21.8, 32.8) |
<0.001 c |
34.2 (25.0, 44.5) | 28.8 (23.4, 37.2) | 29.2 (24.0, 35.6) |
<0.001 c |
| Aorta length, mm | N/A- | N/A- | N/A- | - | 160.7 ± 14.9 |
163.3 ± 15.1 |
168.5 ± 16.2 |
<0.001 |
| CAC score | 2.8 (0.0, 13.7) | 0.0 (0.0, 3.1) | 0.0 (0.0, 4.5) | 0.002c | 0.0 (0.0, 7.9) | 0.0 (0.0, 6.4) | 1.7 (0.0, 7.9) | 0.91c |
| CAC ≥10, n (%) | 46 (30) | 21 (13) | 33 (19) | <0.001 | 42 (23) | 38 (22) | 35 (20) | 0.70 |
| AC score | 31.5 (2.4, 168.0) | 6.1 (0.0, 66.0) | 8.3 (0.0, 45.0) |
<0.001 c |
21.0 (0.0, 138.0) | 6.7 (0.0, 69.0) | 16.0 (0.0, 63.0) | 0.21c |
| AC ≥100, n (%) | 50 (33) | 30 (19) | 28 (16) | <0.001 | 51 (29) | 37 (22) | 32 (18) | 0.05 |
a
Hounsfield Unit tertile range.
b
Average ± standard deviation radiodensity Hounsfield Units.
c
p value for trend. Mean ± standard deviation. Median (interquartile range). n (%).
TAT, total heart adipose tissue; PVAT, aortic perivascular adipose tissue; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; AC, aortic calcification