Table 2.
Multimorbidity in the Study Population by Cognitive Status.
| No cognitive impairment | Mild cognitive impairment | Moderate/severe cognitive impairment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditions | n | % | n | % | n | % |
| Total subjects | 7,617 | 636 | 1,438 | |||
| Chronic conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension, mild | 1,273 | 16.7 | 137 | 21.5 | 351 | 24.4 |
| Hypertension, severe | 3,622 | 47.6 | 304 | 47.8 | 662 | 46.0 |
| Diabetes, mild | 1,450 | 19.0 | 131 | 20.6 | 266 | 18.5 |
| Diabetes, severe | 610 | 8.0 | 61 | 9.6 | 106 | 7.4 |
| Stroke, mild | 1,774 | 23.3 | 227 | 35.7 | 437 | 30.4 |
| Stroke, severe | 473 | 6.2 | 72 | 11.3 | 267 | 18.6 |
| Heart disease, mild | 2,901 | 38.1 | 297 | 46.7 | 693 | 48.2 |
| Heart disease, severe | 548 | 7.2 | 43 | 6.8 | 80 | 5.6 |
| COPD, mild | 1,034 | 13.6 | 72 | 11.3 | 105 | 7.3 |
| COPD, Severe | 508 | 6.7 | 34 | 5.3 | 75 | 5.2 |
| Arthritis, mild | 2,407 | 31.6 | 183 | 28.8 | 384 | 26.7 |
| Arthritis, severe | 2,237 | 29.4 | 203 | 31.9 | 459 | 31.9 |
| Psychiatric, mild | 688 | 9.0 | 42 | 6.6 | 156 | 10.8 |
| Psychiatric, severe | 588 | 7.7 | 80 | 12.6 | 282 | 19.6 |
| Cancer, mild | 1,473 | 19.3 | 112 | 17.6 | 276 | 19.2 |
| Cancer, severe | 537 | 7.1 | 36 | 5.7 | 51 | 3.5 |
| Functional limitations | ||||||
| Limitations in ADLs | 901 | 11.8 | 195 | 30.7 | 741 | 51.5 |
| Limitations in IADLs | 2,448 | 32.1 | 416 | 65.4 | 1,262 | 87.8 |
| Strength limitations | 5,456 | 71.6 | 524 | 82.4 | 1,283 | 89.2 |
| Upper body limitations | 4,286 | 56.3 | 489 | 76.9 | 1,218 | 84.7 |
| Lower body limitations | 6,066 | 79.6 | 547 | 86.0 | 1,340 | 93.2 |
| Geriatric syndromes | ||||||
| Urinary incontinence | 1,814 | 23.8 | 215 | 33.8 | 831 | 57.8 |
| Visual impairment | 2,631 | 34.5 | 298 | 46.9 | 799 | 55.6 |
| Hearing impairment | 2,265 | 29.7 | 262 | 41.2 | 697 | 48.5 |
| Depressive symptoms* | 1,805 | 24.3 | 147 | 34.1 | 131 | 31.4 |
| Severe pain | 611 | 8.0 | 61 | 9.6 | 122 | 8.5 |
Note. Chronic conditions are categorized as either mild (self-reported diagnosis alone) or severe (if a given condition also causes limitations in usual activities and/or a respondent is receiving treatment). COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ADLs = activities of daily living; IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living.
*
Data on depressive symptoms is missing for 179 subjects in the no cognitive impairment group, 204 in the mild group, and 1,021 in the moderate/severe group.