Table 1.
Patient demographics
| Investigation group
(n=761) |
Validation group
(n=547) |
p-value | |||
| Age | 73 (65–80) | 73 (65–79) | 0.5575 | ||
| Sex (Male : Female) | 479 : 282 | 342 : 205 | 0.8766 | ||
| Site of primary malignancy | 0.0484 | ||||
| Respiratory (including lung, pleura) | 298 | (39.2%) | 208 | (38.0%) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 225 | (29.6%) | 142 | (26.0%) | |
| Hepatobiliary | 105 | (13.8%) | 64 | (11.7%) | |
| Breast | 22 | (2.9%) | 19 | (3.5%) | |
| Bladder, kidney, urinary tracts | 21 | (2.8%) | 22 | (4.0%) | |
| Hematological | 20 | (2.6%) | 20 | (3.7%) | |
| Oral cavity | 16 | (2.1%) | 8 | (1.5%) | |
| Pharyngolarynx | 9 | (1.2%) | 11 | (2.0%) | |
| Female genital organs (including ovary, uterus) | 9 | (1.2%) | 21 | (3.8%) | |
| Head and neck (including thyroid, parotid gland) | 9 | (1.2%) | 6 | (1.1%) | |
| Male genital organs (including prostate) | 8 | (1.1%) | 11 | (2.0%) | |
| Skin | 6 | (0.8%) | 2 | (0.4%) | |
| Brain | 3 | (0.4%) | 1 | (0.2%) | |
| Others | 10 | (1.3%) | 12 | (2.2%) | |
| Blood examination data | |||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 5.5 (1.9–10.6) | 5.2 (2.1–10.9) | 0.9725 | ||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | 0.0019 | ||
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.6 (0.5–1.0) | 0.7574 | ||
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IU/L) | 30 (20–53) | 27 (19–51) | 0.2076 | ||
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IU/L) | 19 (13–37) | 17 (11–33) | 0.0095 | ||
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) | 20 (14–30) | 20 (15–32) | 0.1522 | ||
| Creatinine | 0.74 (0.57–1.03) | 0.75 (0.55–1.12) | 0.6237 | ||
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 71 (48–96) | 70 (46–96) | 0.5508 | ||
| White blood cell count (×103/μL) | 9.0 (6.4–13.1) | 8.4 (6.2–11.6) | 0.0251 | ||
| Basophil (%) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.0567 | ||
| Eosinophil (%) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6 | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.0333 | ||
| Neutrophil (%) | 80.7 (72.2–87.2) | 81.7 (73.5–88.3) | 0.1251 | ||
| Lymphocyte count (×103/μL) | 0.924 (0.591–1.344) | 0.804 (0.531–1.165) | 0.0003 | ||
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N/L) | 7.6 (4.5–13.8) | 8.3 (4.8–15.2) | 0.0644 | ||
| Red blood cell count (×106/μL) | 3.33 (2.82–3.84) | 3.32 (2.71–3.81) | 0.4353 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.2 (8.8–11.7) | 10.2 (8.5–11.6) | 0.3058 | ||
| Hematocrit (%) | 30.3 (26.0–34.6) | 30.7 (25.8–34.9) | 0.8400 | ||
| Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (fℓ) | 91.8 (87.2–96.8) | 92.8 (88.4–97.9) | 0.0102 | ||
| Red cell distribution width (RDW) | 16.6 (15.2–18.8) | 16.7 (15.0–18.8) | 0.9475 | ||
| Platelet count (×103/μL) | 257 (183–352) | 229 (158–308) | <0.0001 | ||
| Hospice discharge (Dead : Alive) | 740 : 21 | 515 : 32 | 0.0052 | ||
| Length of hospice stay (days) | 17 (7–38) | 19 (8–39) | 0.4105 | ||
| Duration between the last blood examination and hospice discharge (days) | 24 (11–48) | 23 (9–42) | 0.0242 | ||
| Median survival (days) after the last blood examination | 24 | 23 | 0.3792 | ||
| 30-day survival after the last blood examination | 42.3% | 39.0% | 0.3792 | ||
Continuous variables are expressed as the median (interquartile range), and categorical variables are described as numbers (percentages). Bold values indicate statistical significance (p<0.05).