Table 1.
Summary of the effects of IUGR animal models in utero
| Model | Placental Weight | Fetal Weight | β-Cell Mass Or Area | β-Cell Function | GTT | ITT | AA Transport |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse | |||||||
| Restricted diet (LP and CR at e0.5–e19) | ↓ (29, 30, 148) | ↓ (30, 31) | ↔ (31) ↓ (4) | ↓ (4, 158) | ↓ (4, 31, 158) | ↑ (4) ↔ (158) | ↓ (149) |
| Rat | |||||||
| RUPP (e14.5–e19.5) | ? | ↓ (63) | ? | ? | ↓ (74) | ? | ? |
| Uterine artery ligation (e19–e21) | ? | ↓ (168) | ↓ (36) | ↓ (153) | ↓ (153) | ↓ (153) | ↓ (112) |
| Restricted diet (LP and CR) |
↓ (51) ↔ (155) | ↓ (51, 155) ↔ (157) | ↓ (34, 45, 57, 106, 155) | ↓ (34, 46) | ↓ (145) | ↓ (145) | ↓ (139) |
| Sheep | |||||||
| Hyperthermia-induced placental insufficiency | ↓ (97) | ↓ (95) | ↓ (95) | ↓ (97) | ? | ↑ (96) | ↓ (140) |
IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; AA, amino acid; GTT, glucose tolerance test; ITT, insulin tolerance test; CR, calorie restriction; LP, low-protein diet; e, embryonic day; RUPP, reduced uterine perfusion pressure.