Fig. 4.

Baseline respiratory and sympathetic activities of in situ rat preparations with lesions of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN). A: cycle-triggered averages of integrated (∫) phrenic nerve (PN) and thoracic sympathetic nerve (tSN) activities of representative preparations that received injections of saline (control) or substance P-saporin conjugate (SSP-SAP). The dotted lines delineate the respiratory phases: inspiration (insp), postinspiration (post-I), and late-expiration (late-E). B–E: average values of PN burst frequency, times of inspiration (Ti) and expiration (Te), and respiratory-related burst of tSN observed during insp/post-I phases, respectively, of control (n = 6) and SSP-SAP groups (n = 6). *Different from control group, P < 0.05.