Table 1.
Pharmacological IDO1 inhibitors currently explored as anticancer agents in the therapy of solid tumors.
| Type of tumor | Therapy |
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier/status of the study |
Beneficial effects | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recurrent or advanced solid tumors | IDO1 inhibitor navoximod (GDC-0919, NLG-919) | NCT 02048709/ completed |
Prolonged stable disease93 | Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; decreased appetite; nausea; vomiting; cough; pruritus; fatigue |
| Treatment-refractory advanced solid tumors | Epacadostat | NCT 01195311/ completed |
Prolonged stable disease94 | Nausea, fatigue; decreased appetite; vomiting; constipation, abdominal pain; diarrhea, dyspnea; cough |
| Metastatic or locally advanced sarcoma | Combination of epacadostat, and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody (pembrolizumab) | NCT 03414229/ recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Pediatric brain tumors; glioblastoma multiforme; glioma; gliosarcoma; ependymoma; medulloblastoma |
Combination of indoximod and temozolomide | NCT 02502708/ recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Solid tumors; lung cancer; urothelial cancer; head and neck cancer |
Combination of epacadostat and pembrolizumab with standard chemotherapy | NCT 03085914/ recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Advanced or metastatic solid tumors | Combination of epacadostat and nivolumab with ipilimumab, or lirilumab | NCT 03347123/ recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Solid tumors; non-small cell lung cancer; squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; urothelial carcinoma; brain metastasis |
Anti-IDO1 agent (LY3381916) alone or in combination with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint antibody (LY3300054) | NCT 03343613/ recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma | Combination of indoximod with immune checkpoint inhibitors | NCT 02073123/ active, not recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Glioblastoma multiforme; glioma; gliosarcoma |
Combination of indoximod and temozolomide | NCT 02052648/ active, not recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Metastatic pancreatic cancer | Combination of indoximod and the standard of care chemotherapy gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel | NCT 02077881/ active, not recruiting |
Not applicable | Not applicable |
IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; PD1, programmed cell-death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell-death ligand 1.