Table 1.

Relevant antiaging pathways modulated by the main drugs that mimics dietary restriction.

Antiaging Strategy	Pathway (s) Modulated	Antiaging Effects
Dietary restriction	AMPK, SIRT-1, mTOR, PI3k/Akt pathway, IGF-1, FOXO, PGC-1α	Decreases stress response, improves mitochondrial biogenesis, improves cellular maintenance, reduces inflammation.
Metformin	AMPK (Activation), SIRT1 activator via its effect on AMPK, PGC-1α	Decreases stress response, improves mitochondrial biogenesis, improves cellular and genome maintenance, reduces inflammation.
Resveratrol	SIRT-1 (Activation), NF-κB inhibition, p53, FOXO, PGC-1α	Decreases stress response, improves mitochondrial biogenesis, improves cellular and genome maintenance, reduces inflammation.
RAPAMYCIN	mTOR (inhibition), inhibition of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs).	Increases autophagy, improves mitochondrial biogenesis.
Selegiline/Deprenyl	SOD and CAT	Antioxidant effects.
Aspirin and Nordihydroguaiaretic acid	Antioxidant (SOD, CAT) and anti-inflammatory (COX-1 and NF-κB inhibition)	Decreases stress response, reduces inflammation.