Table 2.
Grip strength and Timed Up-and-Go untransformed scores by protein intake groups at baseline and follow-up.
| Physical performance/scores | All participants |
Low protein intake |
Good protein intake |
pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 722 | n = 390 | n = 332 | ||
| Grip strength | ||||
| Baseline (n) | 713 | 385 | 328 | |
| kg (M, SD) | 18.20 (7.08) | 17.15 (7.64) | 19.43 (7.33) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up at 1.5 years (n) | 567 | 294 | 273 | |
| kg (M, SD) | 17.37 (7.64) | 16.52 (7.67) | 18.28 (7.52) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up at 3 years (n) | 430 | 227 | 203 | |
| kg (M, SD) | 16.58 (7.28) | 16.14 (7.49) | 17.08 (7.04) | 0.18 |
| Follow-up at 5 years (n) | 286 | 139 | 147 | |
| kg (M, SD) | 14.91 (7.04) | 14.32 (7.19) | 15.48 (6.87) | 0.17 |
| Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) and use of walking aids | ||||
| Baseline (n) | 714 | 383 | 331 | |
| s (M, SD) | 18.70 (13.66) | 19.08 (14.78) | 16.92 (12.15) | 0.001 |
| Use of walking aids, % (n) yes | 17.1 (122) | 19.3 (74) | 14.5 (48) | 0.09 |
| Follow-up at 1.5 years (n) | 530 | 274 | 254 | |
| s (M, SD) | 21.03 (15.06) | 22.64 (16.15) | 19.32 (13.62) | 0.001 |
| Use of walking aids, % (n) yes | 16.4 (87) | 19.8 (54) | 12.8 (33) | 0.03 |
| Follow-up at 3 years (n) | 386 | 199 | 187 | |
| s (M, SD) | 20.37 (13.82) | 21.80 (13.93) | 18.85 (13.57) | 0.001 |
| Use of walking aids, % (n) yes | 16.9 (65) | 21.2 (42) | 12.3 (23) | 0.02 |
| Follow-up at 5 years (n) | 267 | 137 | 133 | |
| s (M, SD) | 20.75 (12.05) | 21.29 (11.17) | 20.21 (12.89) | 0.16 |
| Use of walking aids, % (n) yes | 26.1 (70) | 26.9 (36) | 25.4 (34) | 0.78 |
a
Student t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed continuous data (untransformed), and χ2 test for categorical variables. Only significant p values at α ≤ 0.05 are reported.