Table 2.
Characteristics of cost-of-illness studies for type 2 diabetes mellitus, arranged by year and reflecting costs incurred in the year stated
| Sl no | Author (Year of costing) | Data source | Sample size | Study design | Country | Direct | % | PPP 2012 | Indirect | % | PPP 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shobana et al. [24] (1997) |
Hospital (PHD & GGD) | 596 | Retrospective | India | Median annual direct cost for PHD Rs.4510 GGD Rs.247 | PHD 218.7 GGD 11.9 | ||||
| 2 | Ramachandran et al. [23] (2005) |
Hospitals, clinics, (Rural & Urban) | 556 | Retrospective | India | Median annual direct cost for urban Rs 10,000, rural Rs 6260 | Urban 323.5 rural 202.5 | ||||
| 3 | Kumar et al. [25] (2005) |
Community | 819 | Retrospective | India | Mean direct cost Rs. 6000 | 194.1 | ||||
| 4 | Khowaja et al. [29] (2005) |
Clinics (P,G&NGO) | 345 | Retrospective | Pakistan | Mean direct cost Rs 11,580 | 270.9 | Meanproductivity loss by participants Rs. 113 and attendants was Rs. 208 | 2.6 4.8 |
||
| 5 | Tharkar et al. [26] (2009) |
Community | 718 | Retrospective | India | Median annual direct cost Rs. 25,391 | 83.70 | 605.3 | The median annual indirect cost 4970 INR | 16.3 | 118.5 |
| 6 | Chandra et al. [27] (2012) |
Hospital | 219 | Retrospective | India | Average annual direct cost Rs 8822 | 69.08 | 163.9 | Average annual indirect cost Rs. 3949 | 30.9 | 73.4 |
| 7 | Suleiman et al. [30] (2011–2012) |
Hospital | 321 | Retrospective | Nigeria | Average annual direct cost NG 45531.19 | 284.5 | ||||
| 8 | Akari et al. [28] (2012) |
Hospital | 150 | Prospective observational | India | Average annual direct cost with complication US$293.79 without complication US$27.7 |
98.8 92.6 | 293.7 27.7 |
Average annual indirect cost with complication US$20.34 without complication US$2.21 |
1.1 7.4 |
20.3 2.2 |
Note: PPP = Purchasing Power Parity. Local currencies were inflated applying the World Bank’s consumer price index (CPI) to make them equivalent to the cost in 2012, and then converted into USD as PPP applying the conversion rate on 3oth June 2012 using 1USD = 55.9 Indian Rupee, 94.9 Pakistan Rupee, and 160.0 Nigerian naira