Table 2.
Condom use precursors and gender differences
| Variables | Females | Males | Total | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge, M (SD) | |||||
| HIV transmission (0–5) | 2.56 (1.53) | 2.71 (1.45) | 2.64 (1.64) | .09 | |
| Other STIs (0–6) | 1.77 (1.78) | 1.75 (1.80) | 1.76 (1.79) | .84 | |
| General HIV (0–8) | 5.39 (1.45) | 5.11 (1.51) | 5.26 (1.48) | .002 | .18 |
| Condoms (0–2) | 1.33 (.71) | 1.37 (.72) | 1.34 (0.71) | .36 | |
| HIV prevention (0–3) | 1.71 (1.11) | 1.58 (1.10) | 1.65 (1.11) | .06 | |
| Total (0–24) | 12.92 (4.23) | 12.48 (4.73) | 12.69 (4.35) | .05 | .10 |
| Attitudes towards aspects related to HIV, M (SD) | |||||
| Condom use (4–16) | 13.54 (2.01) | 13.34 (2.08) | 13.45 (2.04) | .10 | |
| Condom use when there are obstacles (3–12) | 10 (1.76) | 8.63 (2.09) | 9.37 (2.03) | ≤ .001 | .70 |
| HIV test (2–8) | 7.12 (1.16) | 6.75 (1.28) | 6.95 (1.23) | ≤ .001 | .30 |
| People living with HIV (2–8) | 6.47 (1.43) | 6.15 (1.52) | 6.32 (1.48) | ≤ .001 | .21 |
| Total (11–44) | 37.15 (4.07) | 34.90 (4.75) | 36.12 (4.53) | ≤ .001 | .50 |
| Condom as a method of protection is, M (SD) | |||||
| Very uncomfortable (1) - Very comfortable (7) | 4.18 (2.24) | 3.19 (1.98) | 4.19 (2.12) | .95 | – |
| Very harmful (1) - Very healthy (7) | 4.98 (2.34) | 5.15 (2.14) | 5.06 (2.25) | .23 | – |
| Very bad (1) - Very good (7) | 4.94 (2.37) | 4.98 (2.18) | 4.96 (2.28) | .78 | – |
| Very adverse (1) - Very beneficial (7) | 5.11 (2.37) | 5.13 (2.25) | 5.12 (2.31) | .91 | – |
| Not unpleasant (1) - Very pleasant (7) | 3.83 (2.22) | 3.82 (2.12) | 3.83 (2.17) | .95 | – |
| Normative beliefs on condom’s use | |||||
| Perception of peer’s condom use, N (%) | 348 (59.1) | 305 (62) | 653 (60.4) | .33 | – |
| Frequency use of peers’ condom use, N (%) | |||||
| Never | 16 (2.7) | 34 (6.9) | 50 (4.6) | .005 | .01 |
| Sometimes | 341 (58.4) | 260 (52.6) | 602 (55.9) | ||
| Almost always | 189 (32.4) | 157 (31.9) | 345 (32.1) | ||
| Always | 38 (6.5) | 41 (8.3) | 79 (7.3) | ||
| People important to you expect you to use a condom (0–7), M (SD) | 6.43 (1.13) | 6.06 (1.29) | 6.26 (1.22) | ≤ .001 | .30 |
| Willing to meet the expectation of people who are important for you (0–7), M (SD) | 5.56 (1.54) | 5.82 (1.31) | 5.68 (1.44) | .003 | .20 |
| Self-efficacy towards condom use, M (SD) (0–7) | |||||
| How likely is it that you use a condom correctly | 2.90 (2) | 3.03 (1.92) | 2.96 (1.92) | .26 | – |
| How hard is it to use a condom | 4.80 (1.82) | 5.02 (1.73) | 4.90 (1.78) | .05 | .12 |
| I am capable of using a condom | 5.88 (1.73) | 5.77 (1.67) | 5.83 (1.70) | .26 | – |
| Behavioral intention, M (SD) (1–5) | |||||
| Look for a condom | 3.72 (1.51) | 3.94 (1.27) | 3.82 (1.41) | .01 | .15 |
| Use a condom | 4.42 (1.12) | 4.38 (1) | 4.40 (1.07) | .49 | – |
| Condom use negotiation | 4.40 (1.10) | 4.16 (1.14) | 4.29 (1.12) | ≤ .001 | .21 |
| Have sex under the influence of alcohol | 1.77 (.98) | 2.19 (1.17) | 1.96 (1.09) | ≤ .001 | .50 |
| Have sex under the effect of drugs | 1.44 (.88) | 1.61 (1.08) | 1.51 (0.98) | ≤ .001 | .17 |
M Mean, SD Standard Deviation, p p-value; d Cohen’s d