Table 2.
Selected Predictors of Reporting Poor/Fair Health at the 1992 Baseline Expressed as Odds Ratios (ORs)
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Ethnicity | |||
| Whites | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Hispanics | 1.24*** (1.18, 1.31) | 1.08* (1.02, 1.15) | 1.17*** (1.09, 1.26) |
| Age | 1.05*** (1.03, 1.07) | 1.03* (1.01, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.79* (0.63, 0.99) |
| Nativity | |||
| Native born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign born | 0.76* (0.59, 0.98) | 0.82(0.62, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) |
| Language of interview | |||
| English | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Spanish | 2.28*** (1.65, 3.15) | 0.93 (0.64, 1.34) | 1.28 (0.83, 1.98) |
| Socioeconomic status | |||
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Unmarried | 1.21* (1.03, 1.41) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.24) | |
| Years of education | 0.86*** (0.84, 0.88) | 0.92*** (0.90, 0.95) | |
| Annual household, $ (log transformed) | 0.59*** (0.56, 0.64) | 0.71*** (0.65, 0.77) | |
| Health Insurance | |||
| Insured | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Uninsured | 0.93 (0.78, 1.12) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.10) | |
| Baseline health/health behavior | |||
| Emotional well-being | |||
| Excellent | 1.00 | ||
| Very good | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) | ||
| Good | 1.75*** (1.36, 2.25) | ||
| Fair | 6.69*** (5.11, 8.76) | ||
| Poor | 13.01*** (8.89, 19.08) | ||
| Height (inches) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | ||
| BMI | 1.02* (1.00, 1.03) | ||
| Chronic disease | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 4.86*** (3.87, 6.10) | ||
| Functional limitation | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 3.67*** (3.11, 4.32) | ||
| Currently smoking cigarettes | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 1.40*** (1.18, 1.65) | ||
| Physical exercises | |||
| Vigorous | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate/mild | 1.42*** (1.18, 1.71) | ||
| None | 2.37*** (1.96, 2.88) | ||
| Number of cases | 7,054 | 6,980 | 6,980 |
Note. The Health and Retirement Study. *p < .05. ***p < .001.