Table 4. Estimated regression coefficients for the relationship between urinary phthalates metabolites and respiratory outcomes on the same day.
| Respiratory outcome | Phthalate metabolites | Estimate (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic modela | Model with outdoor environmentb | ||
|
PEFR (L/min) |
MEHHP | -7.18 (-15.74, 1.39) | -8.40 (-17.39, 0.60) |
| MEOHP | -7.28 (-16.25, 1.69) | -7.50 (-16.89, 1.90) | |
| MnBP | -5.28 (-13.31, 2.75) | -7.42 (-15.87, 1.04) | |
| FEV1 (L) | MEHHP | -0.12 (-0.22, -0.02)* | -0.07 (-0.18, 0.03) |
| MEOHP | -0.10 (-0.25, 0.04) | -0.04 (-0.16, 0.08) | |
| MnBP | -0.12 (-0.34, 0.09) | -0.13 (-0.29, 0.03) | |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | MEHHP | -1.10 (-7.75, 5.55) | -1.91 (-8.63, 4.82) |
| MEOHP | -0.10 (-7.31, 7.12) | -1.08 (-8.49, 6.34) | |
| MnBP | -2.21 (-12.41, 7.99) | -2.43 (-12.62, 7.77) | |
| FEF25-75 (%) | MEHHP | -4.59 (-13.63, 4.46) | -4.27 (-14.01, 5.47) |
| MEOHP | -2.42 (-12.31, 7.46) | -1.57 (-12.38, 9.24) | |
| MnBP | -8.17 (-22.05, 5.71) | -6.59 (-21.46, 8.28) | |
| FeNO (ppb) | MEHHP | 13.77 (4.71, 22.82)* | 19.47 (9.28, 29.67)* |
| MEOHP | 12.99 (2.86, 23.12)* | 17.93 (5.86, 30.01)* | |
| MnBP | 10.40 (-5.03, 25.84) | 16.42 (-2.09, 34.93) | |
All results were quantified according to natural log-transformed concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites
*statistically significant
aresults from basic LME model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, urinary cotinine, and the use of controller medication
bresults from LME model with outdoor environments as additional confounders; MEHHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP, mono-(2-ethyl- 5-oxohexyl) phthalate; MnBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEF25-75, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide