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. 2018 Oct 24;562(7728):589–594. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0620-2

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© Springer Nature Limited 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — a–d, Relative abundances of taxonomic groups highlighted by weighted averages in Fig. 2a (arrows) shown separately (n = 10,913 samples). e, f, Average longitudinal abundance of B. breve (e) and B. longum (f) per clinical centre (n = 10,194 samples). The curves show LOESS fits for the relative abundances, and shaded area shows 95% confidence interval for each fit, as implemented in geom_smooth function in ggplot2 R package. g–k, Growth curves of human infant isolates of B. breve, B. bifidum and B. longum grown individually in low-nutrient medium (10% sBHI) supplemented with single carbon sources (glucose (g), galactose (h), fucose (i) and lactose (j)) or grown in 100% sBHI (k). As a negative control, growth curves of each strain grown in 10% BHI without additional sugar are shown in black for each condition. Data are representative of three independent experiments and are presented as the mean and s.d. of triplicate assessments.