Table 2.
Oral microbial glycan-binding proteins
| Microbial Protein Adhesin1 | Microbial Species | Host or Microbial Glycans Recognized |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||
| Serine-rich repeat protein (SRR) adhesins (e.g. Hsa, GspB, SrpA) | Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis | Sialic acid, Neu5Ac/Neu5Gcα2–3~ [137] |
| Glycan-binding protein A, GbpA/B/C/D | Streptococcus mutans | Glucose (dextran) [302] |
| Antigen I/II family, SpaP, SSP-5, SspA/B | Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis | Sialic acid [303], fucose, lactose [304], N- acetylgalactosamine [305] |
| Type-2 fimbriae coaggregation factor A (CafA) | Actinomyces oris, Actinomyces naeslundii | Galß1–3GalNAc, GalNAcβ1–3Gal [156, 167] |
| NanH | Tannerella forsythia | Sialic acid [205, 306] |
| Fungi | ||
| Als1 | Candida albicans | Fuca1–2Galß1–4GlcNAc, Fucose [185] |
| Epa1/6/7 | Candida glabrata | Galß1–3~, Galβ1–4~ [188, 189] |
| Viruses | ||
| Capsid proteins | Hand-foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) | Heparan sulfate [173] |
| Hemagglutinin (HA) | Influenza A and B | Neu5Aca2–3Gal, Neu5Acα2–6Gal [177, 178] |
| gB/C/D | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate [174, 175] |
| Gp120 | Human immunodeficiency viurs (HIV) | Heparan sulfate [176] |
1
Table 2 lists only a select number of oral microbial glycan-binding proteins for which both the adhesin and the cognate glycan receptors have been identified and well characterized. Many more glycan-binding activities of oral microorganisms have been described or postulated but could not be listed here due to space limitations.