Fig. 3.

Detection and consumption times of livestock carcasses by scavengers in the Cantabrian Mountains (in black and dashed lines) and the Baetic Mountains (in gray and solid lines). a Detection times measured from camera trap monitoring (scientific knowledge, SK) and reported by shepherds (indigenous and local knowledge, ILK). b Consumption times calculated from camera traps and observed by shepherds. c Comparison between detection times indicated by camera traps and reported by shepherds for each category of age (‘born’). d Comparison between detection times measured by camera trap monitoring and observed by shepherds for each category of experience as a shepherd (‘experience’). e Comparison between consumption times measured by camera traps and observed by shepherds for each category of ‘born’. f Comparison between consumption times shown by camera trap monitoring and observed by shepherds for each category of ‘experience’. Bars indicate the mean value of detection and consumption times (whiskers indicate standard deviation). Asterisks indicate significant differences between SK and ILK (a, b) and between SK and each category of ‘born’ (c, e) and ‘experience’ (d, f) within the same study area (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001). Log (x + 1) transformation was applied to improve the graphical representation. See Tables S2 and S3 for a description of the variables and Table S6 for additional details on the statistical analyses