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. 2018 Dec 17;50(12):166. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0192-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining images of mouse distal femora. Bars: 50 μm. GNX gonadectomy, MSCT mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in GNX mice. b, c Corresponding parameters of TRAP staining. N.Oc/BS number of osteoclasts over bone surface, Oc.S/BS osteoclast surface over bone surface. d–f Serological markers of osteoclastogenesis. RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, OPG osteoprotegerin. g The serological marker of bone resorption, CTX-1 cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen. n = 5 per group. The data represent the means ± SD. *P < 0.05; NS, not significant (P > 0.05)