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. 2018 Dec 11;9:2943. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02943

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Copyright © 2018 Wang, Ma, Stipkovits, Szathmary, Li and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The overview of picornavirus non-structural proteins suppress the production of IFNs. When viruses infect organisms, the host innate immune system detects the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns via host pattern recognition receptors, then recruit a number of specific adaptor proteins to trigger a signaling cascade leading to the establishment of an antiviral state based on IFN and proinflammatory cytokines induction. The green arrays represent observations that have yet to be associated with a specific mechanism of action of the production of IFNs. The scissors illustrate the inhibition of viral non-structural proteins in the production of IFNs.