Table 2.
Some examples of conditions to remove extractable fractions from environmental matrices to obtain non-extractable residues
Analyte | Matrix | Solvents and methods to remove extractable fractions | References |
---|---|---|---|
Cyprodinil | Soil | Methanol | [35, 45, 71–73] |
Simazine | Compost | Methanol:water 9:1 (v:v) | [33] |
Sulfadiazine | Soil | Ethanol:water 9:1 (v:v), Soxhlet | [46, 61] |
MCPA | Soil, clay | Methanol; dichloromethane, Soxhlet | [74] |
Nonylphenol | Soil, clay | Methanol; dichloromethane, Soxhlet | [36] |
Nonylphenol | Soil | Methanol and ethylacetate | [75] |
Difloxacin | Soil | Ethylacetate:methanol:water:ammonia 63:25:9:3 (v:v:v:v), ASE | [44] |
Metalaxyl | Soil, sand, silt, clay | Methanol, Soxhlet | [76] |
Clodinafop-propargyl | Sediment | Acetonitrile, Soxhlet | [77] |
3,4-Dichloroaniline | Sediment | Methanol | [78] |
Isoproturon | Soil | Methanol, ASE | [79] |
Tetrabromobisphenol A | Soil | Methanol; methanol and ethylacetate | [80–82] |
Phenanthrene | Soil | Dichloromethane and acetone | [83] |
Cypermethrin | Soil | Acetonitrile + water 7 + 3 (v + v) | [84] |
Cypermethrin | Soil | Cyclohexane:acetone, 1:1 (v:v) | [8] |
Ciprofloxacin | Soil | Ethylacetate, methanol, ammoniumhydroxide, ASE | [85] |
Imidacloprid | Soil | Methanol, water, HCl, Soxhlet | [86] |
Imidacloprid | Soil | Acetonitrile, water, MAE | [87] |
Carbendazim | Soil | Methanol, Soxhlet | [88] |
Isoproturon | Soil | Acetone, Soxhlet | [89] |
Metalaxyl | Soil | Acetonitrile, water, ASE | [90] |