Table 4.

Independent associations between changes in metabolites, adiposity measures, and measures of glucose and insulin metabolism.

Glucose or insulin measure	Metabolite	Std.ß
2-hour glucose	C5-glutarylcarnitine§ Inosine§	0.22 −0.32
Insulin AUC	Creatine§ UDP-GlcNAc	0.24 0.25
HOMA-IR	C8-carnitine§ UDP-GlcNAc Glutamate Succinic Acid	−0.28 0.26 0.20 −0.25

^§After adjusting for changes in adiposity, metabolites remained significantly associated with measures of glucose and insulin metabolism at p < 0.05. All analyses adjusted for age, sex and baseline glucose/insulin measure.