TABLE 3.
B12 (µg/d) intake and prevalence of inadequate intake (percentage of population below EAR) in Europe by gender and population group1
| Men (EAR = 1.4 µg/d) | Women (EAR = 1.4 µg/d) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Study | Study year | Food intake method | n | Mean ± SD | % < EAR | n | Mean ± SD | % < EAR |
| Adults (age 19–64 y) | |||||||||
| DE | German National Nutrition Survey II | 2005–2007 | DH | 4912 | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 8.0 | 6016 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 7.7 |
| DK | Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and PA | 2000–2002 | 7 dDR | 1283 | 5.8 ± 3.3 | 9.1 | 1486 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 13.2 |
| ES | ENCAT 2002–2003 | 2002–2003 | adj 2 × 24 h | 706 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 0.0 | 875 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 0.1 |
| FI | National FINDIET 2007 Survey | 2007 | adj 48 h | 730 | 6.6 ± 6.5 | 21.2 | 846 | 4.5 ± 3.4 | 18.1 |
| GR | EPIC study | 1994–1999 | FFQ | 500 | 5.3 ± 11.4 | 36.6 | 451 | 3.8 ± 9.7 | 40.2 |
| IR | SLAN 2007 | 2007 | FFQ | 662 | 5.4 ± 3.7 | 14.0 | 717 | 4.1 ± 3.6 | 22.7 |
| PT | EPIPORTO | 1999–2003 | FFQ | 917 | 9.3 ± 4.1 | 2.7 | 1472 | 8.8 ± 4.0 | 3.2 |
| SE | Riksmaten 1997–1998 | 1997–1998 | 7 dDR | 517 | 6.8 ± 3.8 | 7.8 | 575 | 5.9 ± 5.4 | 20.2 |
| UK | Health Survey for England | 2000–2001 | 7 dDR | 219 | 6.2 ± 4.3 | 13.2 | 259 | 6.1 ± 3.7 | 10.2 |
| Elderly (age > 64 y) | |||||||||
| DE | German National Nutrition Survey II | 2005–2007 | DH | 1469 | 5.9 ± 2.5 | 3.6 | 1562 | 4.3 ± 2.0 | 7.4 |
| DK | Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and PA | 2000–2002 | 7 dDR | 165 | 6.0 ± 3.3 | 8.2 | 164 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 10.4 |
| ES | ENCAT 2002–2003 | 2002–2003 | adj 2 × 24 h | 163 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.0 | 179 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.0 |
| FI | National FINDIET 2007 Survey | 2007 | adj 48 h | 229 | 6.5 ± 6.0 | 19.8 | 234 | 5.2 ± 4.8 | 21.4 |
| PT | EPIPORTO | 1999–2003 | FFQ | 246 | 8.2 ± 3.8 | 3.7 | 339 | 7.5 ± 4.1 | 6.8 |
| SE | Riksmaten 1997–1998 | 1997–1998 | 7 dDR | 64 | 8.0 ± 3.9 | 4.5 | 58 | 7.4 ± 4.1 | 7.2 |
1
Reproduced with permission from reference 130. adj, adjusted for intraindividual variability; dDR, days dietary record; DE, Germany; DH, diet history; DK, Denmark; EAR, estimated average requirement; ENCAT, Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Catalonia; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; ES, Spain; FI, Finland; GR, Greece; IR, Ireland; PA, physical activity; PT, Portugal; SE, Sweden; SLAN, Survey on Lifestyle and Attitudes to Nutrition; UK, United Kingdom.