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. 2017 Dec;17(6):508–520. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-6-508

Table 3A.

Quantitative study quality

Quantitative studies Ford, 201518 Ford, 201319 Iyer, 201125 Adekeye 201215 Barnett, 201116 Ford, 201523 Mensforth 201420 Wigfall, 201022 Wigfall, 201111 Zingmond, 200127 Akers 200712 Akers 200813 Mack, 199928
Did the study address a clearly focused issue? Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way to minimise selection bias? NA Y Can’t tell NA N Y NA NA NA NA Y Y NA
Was the exposure and outcome accurately measured to minimise bias? Y Y Can’t tell Can’t tell N Y Can’t tell Y Y Y Y Can’t tell Y
Have the authors identified all important confounding factors? Y Can’t tell Can’t tell Y N Can’t tell N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Have the authors taken confounding factors into account in the design and/or analysis? Y N Can’t tell Can’t tell N N Can’t tell Y Y Y Y Y Y
Was the follow up of subjects complete and long enough? (Not relevant for all studies) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Were the results precise? Y Y Can’t tell Y Can’t tell Y N Y Y Y Y Y Can’t tell
Do you believe the results? Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Can the results be applied to the local population? Y N Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Total score /10 8/10 6/10 4/10 6/10 3/10 7/10 2/10 8/10 8/10 8/10 9/10 8/10 7/10