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. 2018 Nov 20;19(1):3–14. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9679

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Mechanisms involved in NLRP6 inflammasome activation. Intestinal microbiota initiate two signals for the activation of the NLRP6 inflammasome. In the first signal, the commensal microbiota serve as a TLR ligand and promotes the transcription of NLRP6 and pro-IL-18. For the second signal, microbial metabolites, including taurine, promote the multiprotein complex assembly to activate the NLRP6 inflammasome. In particular, commensal protozoans promote epithelial IL-18 secretion via activation of the ASC inflammasome. In addition to the microbial roles, CRH inhibits the transcription of NLRP6 inflammasome components, whereas, the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-γ activates NLRP6 by binding to its promoter region. Arrows indicate ‘promotion’, whereas, the symbol ‘┴’ indicates ‘inhibition’. CRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; NLRP6, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 6; IL-18, interleukin 18; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; TLR, Toll-like receptor.