Table 3.
Summary for mechanisms of EA for regulating inflammatory factors against ischemic brain injury.
| References | Species/model | Acupuncture type/frequency/intensity/time | Acupoints | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al., 2016b | SD rat/MCAO | EA/1–20HZ/6 V/0.2 mA /30 min | Quchi (LI11) Zusanli (ST36) | Reduction of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α |
| Huang et al., 2017a | SD rat/MCAO | EA/2–20 Hz/0.2 mA/30 min | Baihui (DU20) Shenting(DU24) | Down-regulation of IL-1βvia P2X7R |
| Zhang et al., 2007 | SD rat/MCAO | scalp acupuncture | Down-regulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 | |
| Liu and Cheung, 2013 | SD rat/MCAO | EA/2 HZ/0.5 mA | Zusanli (ST36) xiajuxu(ST39) | Inhibition of COX-2 and TNF-α |
| Wang et al., 2014 | SD rat/MCAO | EA/5–20 Hz/1.0–1.2 mA/30 min | “Baihui” (GV 20) and “Shuigou” (GV 26) | Promotion of Il6st/Gp130, Cntfr and Lifr |
| Zhang et al., 2009 | SD rat/MCAO | scalp acupuncture /2–100 HZ/2 mA | Baihui(GV20) Qubin (GB7) | Inhibition of COX-2 NF-kappaB; enhancement of TGF-beta1 |
| Liu et al., 2016c | SD rat/MCAO | EA/4 V/1–20 HZ/30 min | Quchi (LI11) Zusanli (ST36) | Inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α |
| Ma et al., 2016 | SD rat/MCAO | EA/2 Hz/1 mA/30 min | Baihui(GV20) Siguan | Reduction of MMP-9; Promotion of TIMP-1 |
| Jiang et al., 2017 | SD rat/MCAO | EA/1 mA/20 Hz for 5 min, 2 Hz for 30 min | Baihui (GV 20), Hegu(LI4),Taichong (LR 3) | Promotion of CYLD and reducing CX3CL1 |
| Xu et al., 2014 | SD rat/MCAO | Acupuncture and EA/2 HZ/1 mA/20 min | Zusanli (ST36) Baihui (GV20) | Reduction of MMP2 |
| Lan et al., 2013 | SD rat/MCAO | EA/1–20 HZ/muscle twitch threshold | Quchi (LI11) Zusanli (ST36) | Inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. |
| Lin et al., 2015b, 2016 | SD rat/MCAO | EA/20 HZ/1–3 mA/30 min | Baihui (DU20) Shenting(DU24) | Reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 |