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. 2018 Dec 11;9:2838. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02838

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Copyright © 2018 Martin-Gallausiaux, Larraufie, Jarry, Béguet-Crespel, Marinelli, Ledue, Reimann, Blottière and Lapaque.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IDO-1 expression in human colonic epithelial cells. (A) Human normal colonic mucosa was stained for IDO-1. Representative immunohistochemical staining of IDO-1 showed that IDO-1 (brown) is expressed in epithelial cells [left: strong perinuclear and/or membrane staining of about 80% of the IECs; right panel: heterogeneous staining of few IECs (arrows)] and in few lamina propria mononuclear cells (arrowheads) and endothelial cells (asterisk) (original magnification × 200). (B). IDO-1 gene expression was determined by RT-PCR on RNA extracted from preparations of isolated human colonic epithelial cells (IECs) and of whole mucosa microdissected from normal colon. Results were normalized to β-2 microglobulin (B2M) and expressed as 2^-ΔCt relative value (median ± quartiles) of 4 patients (1–2 samples/patient).