Figure 3.

Automated capillary Western blots were used to quantify protein expression of markers related to different immune cells in the ipsilateral cortex. (A) Pseudo-gel image of representative blots of GFAP and GAPDH for each of the four groups. (B) Pseudo-gel image of representative blots of MPO and β-actin for each of the four groups. (C) At 24 h post-injury, TBI and MULTI mice had significantly increased levels of GFAP, a marker for reactive astrocytes, compared to SHAM. (D) At 24 h post-injury, there was a significant effect of injury on the measure of MPO (i.e., a marker for neutrophils. Although TBI and MULTI groups appeared to have similarly elevated levels of MPO, post–hoc analyses did not reach statistical significance after Bonferroni corrections. *different than SHAM, p < 0.05. See Results for additional details.