Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for variables included in models.

Variable	Mean	Std. dev.	Min	Max
Individual-level characteristics
Self-rated healtha	2.12	1.06	1.00	5.00
Age (years)	34.19	21.79	0.00	90.00
Age2 (years)	1643.56	1712.77	0.00	8100.00
Sex (proportion male)	0.52	0.50	0.00	1.00
Race (proportion of total)
Non-Hispanic White	0.56	0.50	0.00	1.00
Non-Hispanic Other	0.07	0.26	0.00	1.00
Non-Hispanic Black	0.14	0.34	0.00	1.00
Hispanic	0.24	0.42	0.00	1.00
Education (proportion of total)
Less than high school	0.41	0.49	0.00	1.00
High school	0.21	0.40	0.00	1.00
Some college	0.14	0.34	0.00	1.00
College	0.18	0.39	0.00	1.00
Graduate school	0.07	0.25	0.00	1.00
Migration statusb	0.94	0.23	0.00	1.00
Family income (log dollars)	10.52	1.80	0.00	14.26
Family income2 (log dollars)	113.91	26.45	0.00	203.38
N	303,203
County-level characteristics
Median income (log dollars)	11.04	0.25	10.30	11.78
Median age (years)	35.68	3.40	23.30	54.80
Education level (%)c	18.91	6.13	6.12	49.46
Population (per 10,000)	158.15	244.60	0.00	997.49
Non-Hispanic White (%)	59.48	21.38	3.40	97.75
Non-Hispanic Black (%)	14.03	12.57	0.17	66.50
Hispanic (%)	19.88	18.02	0.38	95.74
Current operational spending (% of total expenditures)
Parks and recreation	1.68	0.90	0.18	6.94
Health	2.66	2.17	0.00	16.46
Welfare	3.43	4.25	0.00	24.49
Hospital	4.03	6.93	0.00	47.28
N (counties)	316

^aSelf-rated health is coded as 5 = Poor, 4 = Fair, 3 = Good, 2 = Very Good, 1 = Excellent.

^bMigration status is given the value 1 if the respondent resided in the same house or only moved within county in the past year, and the value 0 if the respondent either moved within state to a different county, between states, or abroad.

^cPercentage of population that holds a bachelor's degree is used as a proxy for average education level of a county.