Fig. 3.

A schematic of ESC derivation and in vitro induced gametogenesis. a In vitro induction of functional gametes from ESCs. EpiLCs and PGCLCs are sequentially induced using well-established female or male ESCs. Next, via aggregation with fetal or neonatal gonadal somatic cells under in vitro conditions, in vitro–derived PGCLCs are successfully converted into primary spermatocytes/oocytes respectively, which are further induced into functional haploid sperm and oocytes. b Derivation and establishment of pluripotent ESC lines from inner cellular mass (ICM) frim in vitro cultured blastocysts