Table 1.
Comparisons of major elements among different breeding systems
| Major breeding elements | Conventional breeding | Genomic selection | Embryo-stem cell breeding |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breeding scheme | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Pedigree record | Yes | Yes, can also reconstruct pedigree from genotyping data | Yes, can also reconstruct pedigree from genotyping data |
| Performance testing | Breeding animals | Only for reference population | Only for reference population |
| Reference population | No | Yes | Yes |
| Candidate breeding animal | Individual | Individual, embryo | Embryo |
| Generation transfer | Individual to individual | Individual to individual | Embryo to embryo |
| Breeding value | EBV | GEBV | eGEBV |
| Gametogenesis | In vivo gametogenesis | In vivo gametogenesis | In vitro induced gametogenesis |
| Fertilization /Embryo | In vivo fertilization and development; In vitro fertilization and culture |
In vivo fertilization and development; In vitro fertilization and culture |
In vitro fertilization and culture |