Fig. 1.

¹²C- and ¹³C-fingerprinting experiments with 34H revealing its ability to incorporate CO₂ into TCA cycle metabolites, bypass the lower half of the TCA cycle (glyoxylate shunt), and utilize multiple substrates simultaneously (no glucose catabolic repression). (A) Labeling profiles of amino acids derived from OAA in cultures grown with U-¹³C glucose. (B) Entry points for the incorporation of glucose and glyoxylate into the TCA cycle (indicated by red arrow). See SI Appendix for abbreviations for metabolites. (C) Labeling profiles of proteinogenic amino acids from the TCA cycle in cultures grown with only U-¹³C glucose and with U-¹³C glucose and ¹²C glyoxylate. (D) Labeling profiles of amino acids derived from the TCA cycle in cultures grown on unlabeled glucose supplemented with 1,2-¹³C acetate or 3-¹³C lactate. Error bars indicate SD of the mean (n = 2).