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. 2018 Dec 11;9:1773. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01773

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Copyright © 2018 Jones, MacQuaide and Louch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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New insights into t-tubule remodeling during human heart failure. In comparison with ventricular tissue obtained from healthy donor hearts (A) tissue from heart failure patients undergoing transplant (B) revealed dilation of t-tubules associated with collagen deposition within the t-tubule lumen. Images were obtained with dSTORM super-resolution microscopy with staining for collagen VI (red) and dystrophin (green); enlargements of the indicated regions are shown at right (adapted from Crossman et al., 2017, copyright permission to reproduce the figure). Other recent work has indicated that in addition to t-tubule loss, cardiomyocytes in heart failure patients exhibit fusion of neighboring t-tubules into sheet-like structures (donor example in C, heart failure patient in D). 3D reconstructions illustrate the surface sarcolemma (gray) and t-tubules (blue), with the indicated tubule enlarged at right (longitudinal and transverse views; left scale bar = 10 μm, right scale bar = 2 μm; adapted from Seidel et al., 2017a, copyright permission to reproduce the figure).