Table 3.
Standardized regression coefficients from multivariate models of sleep dimensions with anthropometric outcomes
| Per cent overweight | Per cent over 95th percentile | Body mass index | Waist circumference | Cardiometabolic risk score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |
| Accelerometer‐measured sleep duration | |||||
| Weekday (h) | −1.84 (−6.97 to 3.29) | −1.49 (−5.30 to 2.32) | −0.28 (−1.15 to 0.60) | −0.20 (−2.17 to 1.76) | 0.15 (−0.10 to 0.40) |
| Weekend (h) | 0.15 (−3.92 to 4.21) | 0.17 (−2.85 to 3.20) | 0.0034 (−0.69 to 0.70) | −0.083 (−1.64 to 1.47) | 0.11 (−0.081 to 0.31) |
| Accelerometer‐measured sleep timing | |||||
| Weekday bedtime (h) | 6.17 (1.42 to 10.92)* | 4.60 (1.07 to 8.13)* | 1.03 (0.22 to 1.85)* | 2.06 (0.23 to 3.88)* | 0.030 (−0.21 to 0.27) |
| Weekday wake time (h) | 4.90 (−0.077 to 9.87) | 3.54 (−0.16 to 7.24) | 0.85 (0.00061 to 1.70)* | 2.03 (0.13 to 3.93)* | 0.17 (−0.070 to 0.42) |
| Weekend bedtime (h) | 2.19 (−1.63 to 6.01) | 1.62 (−1.22 to 4.46) | 0.37 (−0.29 to 1.03) | 0.65 (−0.81 to 2.11) | 0.032 (−0.15 to 0.22) |
| Weekend wake time (h) | 1.87 (−1.56 to 5.29) | 1.43 (−1.11 to 3.97) | 0.30 (−0.29 to 0.89) | 0.46 (−0.85 to 1.78) | 0.11 (−0.058 to 0.27) |
| Accelerometer‐measured sleep variability | |||||
| Weekday duration (h) | 8.62 (1.34 to 15.89)* | 6.31 (0.90 to 11.72)* | 1.57 (0.33 to 2.82)* | 3.16 (0.37 to 5.95)* | 0.12 (−0.24 to 0.48) |
| Weekday bedtime (h) | 10.20 (0.50 to 19.91)* | 7.72 (0.51 to 14.93)* | 1.78 (0.12 to 3.44)* | 3.09 (−0.64 to 6.82) | 0.090 (−0.39 to 0.57) |
| Weekday wake time (h) | 10.02 (1.55 to 18.50)* | 7.28 (0.98 to 13.58)* | 1.85 (0.40 to 3.29)* | 2.98 (−0.29 to 6.24) | 0.20 (−0.22 to 0.62) |
| Weekend duration (h) | 4.11 (−0.73 to 8.95) | 3.11 (−0.47 to 6.69) | 0.72 (−0.12 to 1.55) | 1.26 (−0.63 to 3.16) | 0.025 (−0.23 to 0.28) |
| Weekend bedtime (h) | 4.33 (−1.49 to 10.14) | 3.30 (−0.99 to 7.60) | 0.72 (−0.29 to 1.72) | 1.38 (−0.88 to 3.65) | 0.18 (−0.12 to 0.48) |
| Weekend wake time (h) | 0.098 (−6.00 to 6.02) | 0.13 (−4.31 to 4.57) | 0.020 (−1.02 to 1.06) | 0.98 (−1.36 to 3.31) | −0.042 (−0.35 to 0.27) |
| Parent‐reported sleep duration | |||||
| School (h) | −5.78 (−11.42 to − 0.15)* | −4.43 (−8.61 to − 0.24)* | −1.05 (−2.01 to − 0.086)* | −1.68 (−3.84 to 0.49) | 0.20 (−0.079 to 0.47) |
| Non‐school (h) | −2.46 (−6.29 to 1.36) | −1.85 (−4.70 to 0.99) | −0.41 (−1.06 to 0.25) | −0.58 (−2.04 to 0.89) | 0.15 (−0.038 to 0.33) |
| Parent reported sleep timing | |||||
| School bedtime (h) | 5.69 (−0.089 to 11.47) | 4.33 (0.038 to 8.63)* | 1.01 (0.021 to 2.00)* | 1.64 (−0.59 to 3.86) | −0.17 (−0.45 to 0.12) |
| School wake time (h) | −0.90 (−9.74 to 7.95) | −0.74 (−7.31 to 5.83) | −0.21 (−1.73 to 1.30) | −0.30 (−3.68 to 3.09) | 0.097 (−0.33 to 0.53) |
| Non‐school bedtime (h) | 4.22 (−0.36 to 8.81) | 3.15 (−0.25 to 6.56) | 0.73 (−0.058 to 1.51) | 1.01 (−0.75 to 2.78) | −0.13 (−0.36 to 0.092) |
| Non‐school wake time (h) | 0.39 (−3.19 to 3.97) | 0.28 (−2.38 to 2.94) | 0.080 (−0.53 to 0.69) | 0.11 (−1.26 to 1.48) | 0.049 (−0.13 to 0.22) |
Per cent overweight indicates child's BMI relative to the 50th percentile for age and sex as a percentage (100 × [participant BMI − median BMI for age and sex] ÷ median BMI for age and sex). Similarly, per cent over 95th percentile indicates child's BMI relative to the 95th percentile for age and sex as a percentage (100 × [participant BMI − 95th percentile BMI for age and sex] ÷ 95th percentile BMI for age and sex). Results are adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity. Results remained consistent while adjusting for sleep duration (data not shown). Sleep analyses were done in hours. For instance, every hour laterin accelerometer‐measured bedtime on weekdays was associated with an average 6.2 greater per cent overweight (e.g. the difference between 77.5 per cent overweight and 71.3 per cent overweight). Every hour greater in day‐to‐day variability in time of weekday bedtime was associated with an average 10.2 greater per cent overweight.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.001.
β, standardized regression coefficient; CI, confidence interval.